Prasanga Kanchenjungha -- Bengali Essay on Satyajit Ray's movie "Kanchenjungha", by Nandan Datta (Parabaas

 : @SB

S^S 

|| AT ||

FABl q cUaS, "TrA@U a A@, ASTv j@v cA Ar\  JAa | AST cF AZ sJ ewT ZaS, Jq U UO AgR JA@ AhaS | j ~AcArF cU A@a Sq -- @H @v JOA@  jce  Wxv AS@ T @Uq s @ s @S aAc Z S jce  AS T^cFR @ S | .... T-rFT-s @Uq sA n-An@ J ge@f AcF AO A d @S ....." qFA | [1]

~^BU MU jq nAn@ M ~B@U ^ | q qxvSv ~F ~ c @ r Uq s A@a c^ s @ AUZ aA U Aa | sTS ~AT |

ca ZS@ ~w cj cf^eZF wU-g j@ wf c^ AUZAaUT |  @e@A@ cf^SvF, w^fc, mAr@, s^c B j@ ~@fH ~TB | AAO j@BS @U@, -v cUAaUS; gUq, c Sv@ wFT AT A@ha cI S |
-- ~, FT ?
-- ~ F S, wF, wFT, cF@H |
-- R: A A !

q jTS j@v a^S ~wq i@ jc coS @ Aq, ~AT A@ AST wFT c^R A@ha cAI S | ~AT TSF @FvAO, cF@m T T @-~CU @  wa | FAB AST @S, @S NqT cF q ASF@pF sw Sq | jAS ArS  ATq AaUT, jc cB j@v O@ S O Uwa, ZO empAOOR d @Aa | ~c | ~SqASAv TS AS AST AZ ; d c ^ jq T AS s c PcAc@ gCw OUa  @S Zcq ~T @a cS S, A AU O F cU j@v cq Z AcrK ~T Aa |

c FABl @ ZAa @@c, j@c @a @ | vAU q^f mvAR W-cq rFAve, s-prF ^f ~L@r | ~AT ZS Sq ScU@, @FT ZAS@ T J@   Av Av AwAaUT ~vw ~r | ~T A@ A@ cUAaUS, A@ ST T ? il sS TW @ iAaU |

jq TkUoS ~  A@ wU O @ @A-cA s-A@a, q AS d @Aa | ~jc j-UZ @S ~U TS c SS qSqv cS S | vf@ @ AvSf, ccF @ T^cF, rS @ WKHq cAr ATUc | AT Zc ia ~B@U, Rcqv @ vmv, cq Jv @ ~wHf TOS; TSq B AUT ~ATR | c g  | cCAU cAo  AcrcF ; TU, TTSAe c TFSFvS @ @  -v cUcS, @SB AT A@ha cIAS |

  ASq, c @SB aAcv ~T cr ~SF@T Uw | (cFAnTf AUZR cUUT a nTv A@ B Bc   |) ~ jq ~SF ^Sq  A@a mwA |

|| @SB : ~: ~SF ||

@SB TA  1962 U | jq T @ASf-AOnSvF-f-AOUS Of FABl | jq T ACS ToFT aAc @US FABl | jq T @S m U S FAB aAc | jce @SBq -WS  wS @@Av aAc ToF j@Av, s r-Acr j@AvR ~FR AS | cAHABF@ AcR c@ ~U ~SFT |

@SB kckf A@U c ; ~nf, BUW, cf, AS@SF, cf^S FAOn | ~L@r ca @@ ToFq ASBm PrUf AA @aS FABl | J @a @ @TS OUAhOn ~r @ s -c^R Aco R oH r@ TS j@v oH PA  wa | A@ jLR @SB j@@ @S q UU S | n-An@ rB TUO@ wF @US ~\, sJ @US, J T^cFR As@ | Acr jq aAc AcrS  Uq S, r AAn BSFq  | TA@S s ~\ SB @U,  Tn j@Av lc ZS AaU, cvqvU  Axv Bw AS cU AcrS co AaU | AcAvr krS T ZS  U 1988 |

~SFc Tl Ar\f Tq FAB pA@R AcK, ccF R Acg ASAZ gw @ s | c j-@ TS Z BS, jTS FAA@rS ~T cI Aco BSFq heuristic aU Tn | ASAT @a j CA@H ~fS ~ AST @aR ~c^ ; AciS ASEOq gcSAS, jq  B c sha, jc @K SqS STS s@ ! ~nf   cJo q ~a; TS SwA@ ~U~JoA AS AX^f, fTcXo, BS-~HF; UXf S @\U R B cc US; cf^pA qxvAvrS OdU R W-cq ; jce @A @v TBPOAS@ rK ASAv aAc | jaR BUW, ~AgsS, cf, ~HF ASAn, @dK R TdK, ~rAS  gpA aAcAU ~ p S UR, c@Avq @ASfo c mvAUqS bF ^f | jce AAv AgAq AA AFpA  | f wqS cW cqS R f@ B r ToF ATU o j@Avq, Avq f-cW Am | ja jTS Av ~ATU aAc ~\q TU | wcc sTSq mAwU mT, f@ B r TSq cn cFL@ | s-T vgkAT j-aAc, OAU OFAUS wv A@vv  US co S j  S | FAB aAcAU ToF @SB ~SF c@Av @q m^ | @SB  ~R  AAr ca aAc @US FABl, A@ jTS aAc ~ j@AvR @US S |

|| @SB : AcK R AcSF ||

1961 U cf^B^rcK FAB pA AS @SF R cf^S FAOn | Ai@   caq @SB | @UBf AF OUAhOnS R j@ Acv cFAL BfcSOs@ U o J@ J@q  FABl gcAaUS j@c SS A@a @ @ | @SB TSfK OAn ~AgSnf ~U@S^ j A@ j@ krS Ql@ j@v SS F BSUT | @SB AST U@rS SA@ T gc AaU @U@ @i j@ cwScA | AOnSvF kH @ FABl @@AS ASgp sw ZJB ABAUej @ AwAaUS, A j rFAvej @B d @ FS | ABAUej @ Tq aAc qBU cU UUS, PrUrq  iU U@rS | aAc ST  wU @SB | ~w A@S TA@ aAc A@ ST  BAS S, c aAc oS OAn@q ~Acy @US ABAUej, @q ZUS ST-gkAT@ |

@SB aAc T sv OZ    w\fS |  rZS@ ATASv PWF jq OUAhOn ~a AcAg^ OAn @UB, fQH eU, ~oH ASwprF jce mrf ~cf, A@ Sq @S m @ASf | aAc d @ rK ~cAo sQH cHS , r@ WA @JvR Ai@ ZASq T c s | j@v cJo m-vqT ccH @@Av OAn@ a R a,  cFA@ R mA@ gUTxv @@v ZprF ~T TS i ~a | w\ cJo wl @  ~ fQ jq T @US FABl, @SB |

AF c AST, oH i@-r@ s ~r @S  A@ w\q | AcgkAgkKH c^oF AUZaS, "\Uf ~U j@ ~\ArAQ cAU@ @p@ ~AT j@c j@v w\ cU ~SdXo q | TZ TZ cAS j@v s  w\  @a @A |  w\ S cU -- w\ S aq, j ~c A@ ? @ cUUT @S, A@ K a ? TAv cU, j  A@aq U S, j ~c A@ w\ ? ... cHS c, gK c, WvSR c, ~O rK sF^ A@aq U S, w\ j O c ~ZFA ~ A@aq Sq" | [2]

o \Uf ~U ~\ArAQ cAU@ @S, ~T @Uq w\ c AST jq R c^ Zc wfc A@ | rK Aw S@-SA@ ATUS S Acha, S TH TI T ~TL qFA A@a j@v Bcm R, s @ Umv A@ U  v@ @ TU, jTS S R AccA, AcgA^R | jq @ASffS @ASfAOn U s j@v IJA@ ha v FABl gUq cIS | AUZaS, "The love of narrative, in no matter what disguised form, is too deeply ingrained in the human species. It is true that the audience has changed in the last fifty years, and equally true that the film makers have discovered a hundred different ways of telling a story where there were only a dozen" [3] @SB cFcY SFAvgR  @S AwqB T, c w\ cU rZS@ ~A@ j@Av | A@ 1961 U r@  BSF Zc j@v m AaU S | jZS @v, mA ?

|| @SB : A@a SS ASfQ ? ||

@SB aAc A@ U (c A@ Uq S)  Acmp ~UOS @c S | FABl s @SB Ag A cUaS,  @UT AK @r ~c, ~^ ~T @UT AK | sJ aAcv ZaS, J AcK-AcSF BSS | ~ sJ ZSAS, J @a jq UZ ~c^ |

@SB AS @S wgf-wf ~FSAUAR s ~T AcF cq,  ATq cUAa | jq ~oF o @@Av j@^ cFA@ ~Sgc @ cUc, aAc ~SO-@SO s ZJB  Xo Aa, To Aa |

FABl ASB cUaS, "@SB @ASf ceUr j@Av rHfAcrK@ @^ @ | jq rHf K@-~K@, OU cU qc hO ToFAc a m | @ASf WvSmU U ABAUe r |" [4]

~F AcSS @p er, ZAS@ j@TAn@ UR  | "Set around 1961, it (the plot) shows a hundred-odd minutes in the life of a group of Calcutta Bengalis on the last day of their holiday in the hill station of Darjeeling, during which they have failed to catch a glimpse of the great peak Kanchenjungha. They are a family of rich industrialist, the director of five companies, who holds a title given him in British days of which he is still very proud. As the film begins, he is preparing to leave his hotel, along with his wife and younger daughter, to take a walk after lunch. He has arranged to meet a man whom he wants to be her future husband, and hopes that he will prpose to her if they are left alone together. Her feelings about this, and the unfavourable reactions to the idea of her mother, uncle, elder sister and brother-in-law, form the substance of the film, along with her feelings towards an outsider, a boy from Calcutta who meets her almost by accident. Although nothing definite develops between them, his very presence, combined with the inspiring mountain setting, decides the girl to reject her suitor. She is helped too by her knowledge of her mother's unhappiness and the obvious failure of her elder sister's marriage. By the time the walk is over and the industrialist arrives at a pre-arranged rendezvous, expecting to find his family gathered there with the succesful suitor, certain decisions have been taken and accomodations reached without his knowledge by each member of the group; and none of them is there to greet him - only Kanchenjungha" [5]@@Av c@FTA  j @ cAr cIS s S, c @SB jc  cvq A@ j cqR ~S@ A@aq |

"It could be said of each of my first four or five films, that they are simple stories straightforwardly told. All of them have filmic qualities, but none of them has much variety of technique. The first exception to this undoubtedly comes with Kanchenjungha" [6] qFcAo ASB@ gC cS O U FABl @AaUS @SB jce jq@T OS PccAS@  S @U Ar\f rK S Ov @q |

jq T ACS aAc @US FABl | ~c ca r@  C q ~rASj | "OAn  Av UR s C sF @ , j AcK @S ^ Sq | ... @SB aAc ~v SAv oS OAn K@ AScOS qc OAn TAB@ ~cmS, cFAw, TSA@ ~cm -- j c A@aq qA c  AaU | -@U j@Bv c  ~eAr@gc, cA@v@  ~cF @ s, S  eU sF cU  |"[7] @SB @S OAnq cr cU sw AaU S, q s j@cmq J  i jaS, gcq ~U r@  | q^S aU O C r@q v  OvU, TSfK BAS rA sS FZSq kcw, ~r@ a-K TU  @Ai ~UOAq wb @, UcHF Tp S rU J l@iq F@ | ja Sgc T ABAUCj Ac@U @pA o  SS cFS | IUTU  Sq, ~a @r sR ~, ~U A@  ~c Bw Ri |  vq ~v j@v aAc ~U j AcAg^T AcU | @pL, AcrfS, c^, O, ~ASEO qFA F@Av Tq ATAU R a q TkAv @pA  |

@SB Bwl -@U cfQH S | ~UR ~a, ~JoR ~a, @r ~a, R ~a, AAOA ~a ~c ~AAOAR | OAn @q BwS S gfKH gU Uw c gfKH T^ Uw | Acv Ar\pA@ T@AcF@ cU fA ~a, q o@ cJA@ AS cU OU, @SB sS j@ @ ~FAxv-jA@ | OO  Sq, ~a v @ | s A@a fc,  @v S | ACS AUT cFc @SB f@f, gc gU Uw ~T | cHUf J@ J@ s B ~STf C TU, s ocF o POSF,  ASq @c jZS |

C cFc S UR  j cq vS s, A@  U sAv cF  Avq @SB oS ~@KH j@Av, q@SAT ~ T | Ai@ sv@ BS v@q qA, cF ~ ~cF ToF j@ mA^ Amcm | ~S@v ~@r ToF ~\ @r fH ~U o jq aAc jAwa |

AST TkU o @ ZAS@ AcAha^ UR Bwfr ~ ~r@ ~\ ZASQH ~U w @v s | AT: cFSBf ~ TSfK@ A qB ~F n AcA @ cJO Bwfr ~r@@ j@@T cwUc @q AS  jaS | ASAc  @ rShaS J A AZ Ac @ | ~@r  ~@r   AAO S Ai@S cU sha, TSK ~SAc@ UfU ~SK | ASf SgO wR Uwa gF ~wf ~JO | ArAQ TSK, emp TSK Tnq s J cpA R BS pAcfv cq Bwl@ ASR gc @ ZS,  aJR ~T q Bwfr @ | s mv  kA swF S, c BTq  AA cpAXo,  R s gw @ AS  pA cmS, jTS AO^ sS j@ @TU Poc T cr @ aAc | 1961 U AcrAO^ SSq AaU, Ar\pA  cr WvAS cF@gc | @ Ar\fq ASB Ar\  TF@ p S, jTS gcSR gcS R @r @S J @pA-@pF, T @ ~S@v jAwq | cf^S cpQH lc sZS cS, jSSB jSgSTxv AS r ZS FrS AS |

Bwfr OAnAvq @SB ja @H ASa@ w\ cU c AS | w\ cU s SS ~A@ ASfQ jZS q S  Bwfr |

FAB cf  c aAc eU s oS gkAT@, s  Oc@ T vS Z r@@, s @ rK aAc ~w@j,  kOS jq @SB | prF c A aAc vF@v SAa cc, ~@ ~SF gw g iAa |

q^S j@gc @ cUS, UcHF  cUSq S, sZS cUS, ~SFgc | ~r@ j@ ~A@, Bwfr ~@, TSfK AT: cFSAB  ZAS@ ~ gA, ~r@  ~S@ cUfU | ~AHT mTf,  Aa ~AT BS, BSc ~w S, sS Ac^ Acc T@cF AS s | q j@q prF OU  om @ TTA OR | ~ Ai@ ZSq  j@Tn @SF v W O AQH @ OUa oAnf T Am ~r AT@ |

AcAg^ ToFR c^  TSfK R AT: cFSBf ~U,
-- ^f ~ ASAZUr...,
-- ~FJ...
-- ~AS W cq SAS ?

j  o @@Av rN TAq S |

s f cU@  ASTv B s ~, @SB Tq sw\l cF ~O AcAha^,  TZ j@AvR @ SAS AOU@, A@ OAnAv vq j@Av ccF, j@v Acv @Svmv | aUAv mSfR f@, @SB  ABAUe sTS  T@, TS jq aUAvR |

@ rAr JvR, @SB jrS ~@ FS |   aAc Bq jq OU @, @Uq | @ZS B Jv, @ZS ~m, @ZS T sR | TSfK OU UAUF ATAU s wA, AT: cFSBf  Ql@ sq qTF A@ jw @ |

@SB ~cf c @ UZF, W W A A ~ j@ cF oS | jq Axve oSf R ~cAi @SB ATU Aw PA  j@ ~Xg ~cr | "j@A@ , ~SFA@ q-c gc -- jq q TkU kn @ @SB ~cf Xgc | f U@f  qhaT gC rf R AcUf s^ j@@ R Tc gc cAB j aAc TBB ~Sc O AaU" | [8] jTS gcq FABl cFZF @aS J T f AOUS  |

~c cBS aR @SB cf^S j@Av wS cFc ~a | j c c @ , ~AT i@ @i | AcK^ ^F S^fTZ, ~U  waS UcHF j@U, AS:rN rA @r@fH Or | Bwfr JAaS j AaS jce wS rK UcHF ~Acy @S J@ ; j@ @ eU  ~ Bwfr , aAc mrfT TkAU ~SFT | wS AScOS jZS lsT, Tn OAv an ToF er, ^, r@ R :Zgv | AS: Sq, cf^S jTS wS TUq S  | c qr ca UZ jq wS j@@fL sS BTv cJo ~a, kOwATH ASm Sq, TS ~S @ SA j ^,   |  AST UcHF s-@Av @ cUS  @ wS j-@Av an ~S@ cAr c | s wS @ AAS AaUS c@U AScS, il  mkH ~B UcHF@ AU j@ ~gcSf B | Bwfr MF av T@ BS OqUS,  AXo^q c rK @, c   AAS ASB TUcS | a j@v wS c UcHF sS j@ Acv AZ A jUS, ~LB BfcS @ @pL a ~U @ iUS |

cf^S wS cFc FAB aAc cF@ S UR AcAr | A@a aAc A@a TS ja jqc wS, AAmA@ AS wa j@@ | OdU, ~AT AOAS w AOAS T ; W cq AcAo cJoS @vc AT ; c ~w@j cABU @ cfH ; jAU c AUR ~ @@Av A@^ TS ~ | @dKj A  A@AS@ sn, j  ~AT s wAa cc ; TAH nm c cB @dH  ; c rZ-rZ TA OqgA TA U TA ~T ; Zc OS wSAU@R sS SS @ AOAS s |

c ~c f c AUR, @SB j@ ~F^ fA@ aAc | j@Av Uf sTS ASA   U a^ Uj, vq @S ~wT A@\S TA@ OU, TS @SB Z c ~T TS a, prF, eU, rN, f cq j@ PSAF@ @ABS a@ ZU cha | j@v FvS ~a sha, A@ @ o sha S, Ai@ q A@ c  j@v ~g sS c ~a, j@v ZJBUq  R sc, A@ ATUa S | @iTv j@cq ha^, A@ ~a | EOF of f FAB ~Sw R cFlA AcA |  Sv T c TS @S mv@O ASAZ gcAaUS aAcAv@ | j cAr TTWvS ~T cAo cq | c ~BA^@ \UcwA  jv@ cUq UUT, rKprF @SB m@r j@ @ coda  Tq TA  |

|| @SB : @SB ||

qmU j@c "s Sq g,  Sq g" cv ZU @ S c if c@F OS @AaUS, s Sq g,  Sq g, ~jc  AS cFm  Ug Sq | @A ArQ@ SS Oyf KH  cUS, R Tv Tg, AXfv gcK | q ~wq cU ASq, jZS Tv @SB aAc R AXfv @SB Ok |

@SB aAc @SBq s oS OAn  ST qA o UR r@ @a Ay  of of | AT@ A@\S TA@ @U@ @a cwScA aAc U@rS UR  FAB Ag B  @ ASTq  | A@ c OAn, c eU, c ~cR j@ @UR jq @SB   ATU @q S, @H @SB@ c A @SB gcq s S | aAcAv ~cS R OAn AccS, A@@ R mA@, cq SF S@ R AS^ ABAUej @pA jce @r-b@ @SB, s Z  j@cq -- j@T rK,  TfTe T |

TSK Os @pA gc AS Ar\pA O a,  ToF laR ~S@ | jTS AFR ~\ S | @SB TkU fT ~UOS TS @@Av \UZ ~c^ c S |

TW R M UZ  j@r caR ~w, oS An@ T @r 1301 cN |  w\haj ~^g a | kOS jTS gc,

"kcAS cpA q Awa | ~B Q^cKH :@U S M R Z TW ATAU A ~r oS Qn  snT ~S ~S fW AU cUq sqAaU, Acmp rFT AOnv j@c ~U@ mr BU cH oH @AAaU, ~c QHq aU wb Amo ~A qAaU |

sZS Tm ~@rgkAT TW R M, qAv Tn ~AgS ~S ~S ~er ~AgS @AAaU ZS AS egkAT @ mS @ ~AgS OAUAaU  ~ eZF Sq | " [9]

 AwAcU R rArgkKH w\ cU  ~v Aha o | AXf Aha w\ vgkAT Am @c T, @r s PrA\@ m\,  ~SSF jce jZS ZAS@ AQ TS UR Xop S @ Aa S | "wT ToF ~ @Uq UAU On^, qQ OK, ATF T@T jce v @c Uq A@, gc ~UOS @A @cU rArgkKH R AwAcU |" [10] o j@Av c@F Ag A i ja j@v wv TAB@ AQ, s q ~J@ a jq q OAn AnTH |

jq w\, TW R  @S ~cRA@ ~UOS S -- ~TcF ~U sTS Zv@ UAaU OdU gkA@ -- jce w\ s U ~ s U S  TW R M gkAT@ ~CU A ZS @AiS |  LLR @ASf wTS R w^cF  AAO  ~SF @S ST ew TS  S | rArgkKH R AwAcU TAF@ BfcS WvS  ASAU @pA ~@Am@ R AcAha^ UfU@ s kn wJaS cf^S,  OSS R OSS Tl Ar\fq |

BfcF R mS kH Ag^ ~@Av avw\ @R jZS TS ~  | Tv TT-j S | (Rain, by W Somerset Maugham) BB-sn sw Av qeB A ~r ASaS r^ Tw j@Av BSAcU Xf, @c SC ic  Ai@S Sq | Xf ~Ao@erq m\gF SAvg, @BS rcerXg ~Ao@f@, cFcfR ~aS | ~@BS rASf A S, j@ r PmAHf, jce ASB cAHBFR d @S ASAXo, kc A S@ w | A@ jqc ~cm R cFcm aA Ri j@ @pA@ WvS, ~Acr^ cpA | cHS jTS -- "And Dr. Macphail watched the rain. It was beginnning to get on his nerves. It was not like soft English rain that drops gently on the earth, it was unmerciful and somehow terrible; you felt in it the malignancy of the primitive powers of nature. It did not pour, it flowed. It was like a deluge from heaven and it rattled on the roof of the corrugated iron with a steady persistence that was maddenning. It seemed to have a fury of its own. And sometimes you felt that you must scream if it did not stop, and then suddenly you felt powerless, as though your bones had suddenly become soft and you were miserable and hopeless." [11]jq w\ ASdH R OT@ R s AHA  cS j@Tn mf@ @ s jq cpA gkAT@ AOS U | j@AS sB@ AgS s WvS rA@  US  Wv U o Rq Acr BSFq; Rq ~TW ~F o sS oq AAaU  ~f, wAU AAaU  ~AmL Ar@AU | qha @q @ASfAv w\ Acr @ cUc S, @H jZSR ~rKAvq ~U, A@ U -@ cU s S, jce s wU, ~Uf@, ZU c ~@v @\SAcUf @a ASa@ AeA@R TS   |

jq q w\ @pA ja q gc | TW R M ASw q k U@OA cS  ~a w\ WvS chiaroscuro ToF jce jTSq ASH ASAc, s  oq ~SgcwTF | Sj cpA j@qo AQ R AOU@, @@Av TSK@ j@ ~Xg, ~gcSf ~c ~v@, ~a OMAO @ Aa | TW R M @pA sTSq ~U T, Sj TSq gfKH Acg | @SB ~cmS, jq q TITAI | @r ~SwS, @SB ~cAi, jq TI OAn W  | AAO pAcf b@ s, ~S@ swA^@ r  ~U OU ~, TSfK cU RiS, TS  ATmv c | s ASB AS AAS wmAU  @ j@v aA sR ~cOS O @Uq | sAR @Uq BSS, j lQAH@, ~c A c qJv @i @U@, sZS AA A^, sZS AvrFAS @ OUS @pha A@ @ @ c A@aq Sq | A@ BSUR @ TS qha  S, ~^ ~: R ~: |

@SB ~a, A@ OZ TS Sq jq ~cmvq AST AcrK Tn jS Aa | sJ ABAUe waS jce AS  AS ASASTK ~Q @aS @SB BSF,  Z  SAS,  aS, J BSS @TS j@v ennui AW o fQ ASwAU | jq AAmA ASAZq aAcv AcrswF R ~Sgcf  Ri | ABAUe FAB Zcq A Bw AaU, Prrc waS cr @c,  @ AUZRaS mpAOH |

rK prF @SB XoS | q^S ASA Bw JMa ZS AAS j@, @ ~AS | cIS @R j@v a@ RUv-Uv a, TZ AcA, g@Av |  il W WA, ZS @SB |

~F AcSS AUZaS, "As the mists at last roll away from the awesome summit, the industrialist is so pre-occupied, he no longer cares to admire it. " [12] rK Av rN  j@T  A S | q^S ~L @ Bwfr, cFSBf....., J AccU@ AOAS  | ASTK BSF ~B Ac@U ~S@ c ~FB gU Aw AASR g sS ~ ~cw | rK @@ ASTK @FT Am @, A@HA@fv @SB, M@K ~AcOU | SFAvg JMa s rK, A@ @S ToS S | ~c  @r c, b@ sc ArZ, ATmvj ToF S ~S@ A@aq, cc  |  B o j@v Tk jce jq QAH@ TkhaSq cA BU Ri U (c s AvAg AZ, @S JS c Acmv AcS ISIAS Ri)| AST rK jce   SEO TI s-v, v r@@ ASB@q Jv  |

TSK ha -ArA^ PcfF @pA AST@ ASAUA, jTS ~fTg LL  ZJBU R s  @SB WJv | c ~T TS , @B A@ ? o w\q  @ TS R, A@a ZS c A@a rZS | jce @SB s w\ S  q  ~wq wR a |

|| @SB : r@ A@ @ ||

AST r@ gkAT@ j@@T ~cArF@ s | @H, @Ac Qn sZS Ar\OO @H cU oq @wB-@AU, AOn@ C-AU-qBU, AOU@ ZS US Acv qSgmvTxv AS ST  (cAr gw Tq s @S @c sB@) | j@v aAc r@ S ASU, AOU@  aAc ~r rq @  |

"Renoir once remarked that it was the alertness and receptivity of the french public that made possible the resurgnace of the French cinema in the 'thirties'. The public that would support a truly serious film venture in Bengal is so small that it makes nothing than a two reeler a safe business proposition. If one makes a film aimed solely at this minority, one obviously makes them for love. In reality, no director can afford to do this, for once the stigma of esotericism attaches to his name, his days in the profession are numbered" [13]

jq cAo ST FAB ST  @v Jv AaU -AS @ S-AwR jv ASEOq cU s J AST r@cU AO@Uq fH R fAT | jv @S A AcK S | Ar\ m @ Acm jce s@S gq ASB a^T  ZJB SR mofS R ~Ao@ ~a | s-@H cFScw @SO rSS A@a U@ jce @S ~oSfr  w@ wU-ZJ@A AcF^  SOS @@ UZ, Ai@ q @Hq ~\ A@a r@q FAB AST ~SocS R ~Sgc @ S |

jq AQv T Zq ZJB s@ @SB ~AgW @HAU, Acr R r |

 JOUf Acr AAOA R mpA @H ~S@wAU | AOUS AvF, @ASf PcAr@ ~cS  ASEOq | c   jvR UZ @ ,  JOUf ZS gcK Acr @a AaU cr OS jce FArR | T AF, ~S, cFAo, B, TpF jce ~crFq  @ H ~H O ; jTS aJOv RA@ Zc BcoF, g-en^ cF | jq TSA@v jq cF s @U@ c^ j@ c Acr cq, r HrA@ A^ @ Acrf UZ@@ T w AS a TSwf PSF, AZ^ R @T @S |

c s cmc F  ASq  Ar\ jce  O mS Sq | q  JOUf AA@ rNf c sZS e JA ccq j@ A SA@, r PSF cq AZ g gcTkA Zv @ BSF KS FABl@ (g T  ~c jq gTAU j@v AcrK Ac AaU), ZS ASB AScAXo a ~ A@aq TH @ SAS |

 JOUf R  Ai@  aAcAU jq AAO gcKq TH ATUAaU Acr | JOv UwU @SB j | @U@ j@v ATS, j@ TA@S TAU, cS  ZF AUT cXo, FABl@ A cU cS, "Who are these characters ? I don't like them at all." FABl vf@ BaS, "She was only interested in the poor Indians, the lower class Indians, the Indians who suffer and are really rooted. These hybrid sort of characters disturbed her greatly.[14]

K Ag gk jqZSq | @SB  w\fS ~oAS@ UR, T R TB j@Av AcrK mSR  Ar@ wgf | jce q vgkAT@ AOS wU g ~oAS@ qA BS c R  gc cI c cTS | s q-c OAnAU@ AS jq aAc,  BSA ToFq s BA ~a r ca qeB rS,  @ cA ~ ewT jce j@Av BA AccS @cZ | g c^ A^ ~w R BS ~oFc S @U @S Acrf Q jq Qv cI ~c | jce q S-cI ASAZ @SB OAn ~Uf@ TS Rq mgAc@ |

jc Z s@, rf @TS cIUS | rf cU jZS cCAUq, FAB AST  g ~SF r AAOA TS  Acr @R @T | ~c cCAU ToFR sJ U sS FAB aAc Z, J @Uq s gw Uw R  S | ASB ~Ag @q cAU | ~w@ AAUB @AaU FAB H q, AS ~m  waS, gL WKHR sfA ~wF ~: |  r Bf aAcR U, Z BSF ZAS@ A AaU | AQH @U@ U rj ToF, c "S, ~  rq Sr" Aa, AaS A @ SAa, cr j@ g^ wpASf AIT^ A@ cUaS, A@ ZAU gF AS gFBgFBAS | jJ jc AST jAaUS, jZSR ~S ASEOq, q @Hq s-@H AedT cf^ OScUfR AB ZaS j@v, OT cJoq | jce jJ TS U ~TASR SS, cXoc c  jJ ~T @aS q 1961 cf^ OScUf w\q |

ASB gK r@ @a ASB aAc jq A^@ LR FABl wAaUS ASBm R ASAc j@ r@TUf | jce q @SB Acc @U, AcR |

Uv 1962, mofS ZSR TFT AS | l@UfS TB TF @ j@^q ecfS j@v vgkAT, A@a q WJK OAn --  o c  @rF R q J qeBfA BA @S --  WvSfS j@v SFAvg, FAB Ag ~fS cF a ~ A@aq S TS AaU ~S@ | jce jq TS R ~ B @H jq rHf ZSR TB cr prFTS q cTS | s ~f@ AaS U r ZS @A jw Oqa,   jq Ar@A @SB OAn, s  AS OUAhOAn@ AOA@lR A^ U q ~f@ Aq @  Acq | ~B@ AAS@FU OZ A  jTS pAgA F@ c ~AcrFR Uw , c l@UfS AcO j sF r RiAS | q TA@AS TAU B  FABl cUS, "Rememeber the two hundred year colonial rule and you will understand that these characaters are very valid, very true to India; there's nothing wrong with them as such. You may object to the fact that I have made a film about them. That's a different matter altogether."[15] jq ~cB@rSq @SB A l@UfS rf AAnR TkU | cq OAn OSq wU S cU ~cAo, ~ Ag j gU @q OS wU s AST TkUFS rAL@ Qq c U |

cq jvq j@Tn @H S, ~@v ~a ~ F, TZFR  | s q-c TB@ ZS a @SB, J Tq A@ AaUS FAB r@ ~SFT | s r ca @UASU sw ~oAS@ g qA-@pA@ pAB R OAU @a, s emr Xo aS TTS, Tq@U, cAT, cf^S @ FABl ~cAo,   FQ sw S @U FAB Ar\ T j@U@Av@ cF cI s A@ ? s m@vT j@q  aJ s ASAZUr-^f R cASe A, @ gw @ s OO R rfUS Uw,  R s  T Rq -~JrU TBq | jJ c-Lf TS B @ cUS,  ,   , ~q Fg jF cqv AO ; jJ ABAUej j ca @@AS ~^ ~cAr c c Sl ~FeU-qAS  mBF TH @ sS | jce jq r@q ASB ZJB US @SB  | ASB OUOUS cgc s gc v ia AST  Z ~mAm US J, jce jq ss  AOnH, s QgR jU | @SB j@ TUO@, AF @vq AUZ UAaUS, aAcv, " is a disquieting and unflattering mirror held up before the viewer. And the easiest way of escape is to refuse to see one's image on it "[16]

j@Av BA AHA R ArfUS j@oH T@Ai AS:^ TUOS A AG | qeAB AF qeB AS s , A, cF, Ac a  q Sq | jce  AF BSAR a | cCAU j cF AO@Uq ff | Sf^S TB TkUo @ AcAha^ jq q-c ASB A @vQ ZJB US @SB, jce  J ASTv Aq Ac @U | ~U jJ Rq A Ag AU F A^mAS UAB@, ~c@ q UR mgc q cq AaUS |

jZS, @SB ASTH OA\Ur ca ,  PScFA@ TkUFS co ~: ~S@ @T | mofS cASq w R, q q-c TBR ~p | ~B@ cCAU @a cASe A c ASAZUr-^f, TSq k, TSq ~@A | (c, cCAU@ O R BSF A@c SS Fw ~B@U d ha SAa | Sc-^K v^K STof em @^A SA@ @JO-@a TU TU wJ-w Aw Bw-vw cU J@S -Nc | )

sq@, AAmA@ PS@vF Sq cUq @SB ~B@ ASfQH ~R ew c jTS gc s A@ ? j r Ac@ Q | Rq O S  rS s@ ceUr ~@  ~Q, "ceU ASB TS gcAv Ai@ T @ @r @ jTAS r, s UZv j@v Uq AcrK | ... s UZv Sc  oH: @S AcK @S @ gU @ gc ~gF Sq, q BSF c @q aA aA AcmA @ UZ @   | s @v@ e eAQ @ AUZU  RAABSFAUAv,  BU, Amv ,  @v@ BU ATAr cFZF @ AS^q ~A@Al@ @ U  .....| .... cCAU j@v @S gc kn TS TS B ~SH @  S,  j@-T fAUC T i O ....|" [17] AsAS AUZaS, J@ UZ gKR PA @ AS AaU, FABlR TS ceU AST gKR ~S@vq PA @aS | c jq UZ  rNf cAr @v wa, cCAU cfQ @v cUa ?

|| @SB : ~: A@T ? ||

@SB ToF A FABl ASEOq r@ c^ s cI cI wUS, c  ~wq cIS, sOq @ ASUS | j  J pBSrfU ~SF R ~SSF o cq UwU | ~AgsS, TSw, OdU, @dK R TdK J r@cp^@ FrTq OTl@p @U. mR U r-Acr | c SFAvg AS jATxv J AS ; 1966 U jU S@ |

@SB jce S@ ToF ATU Zc wS, c ~a | ZASQH cJo T, ZAS@v cJo cp @@Av OAn SA@J, oU eU, jce q rKTK A@aq S R | c jc r@ ZU, jce ww | jce  oS @H ~A^T  ~AgS T TS@L ATUATr j@  sR | ~q@SA cCAU @a T T@ AST ~ c A@a jU BOF ~   | ASBm gKq jcR cUUS FABl c jc r@ SU R AU AU, cIUR  | PrA\@ ~SSF  BSA ATrU, s A c r AZaS OT UF,  FABlR  @ d @US S@ @q |  ~  JAOr ca aAc @US FABl, c AcK, AcSF R ccF@ BAw UUS J TSfK aJR |

c @SB j@@q  qU | jAv  TSq j@ pA kL  s m  | T jAw OU,  A sS, c pA j@v ASBm BfcS @,  cJO @ ASB T | ~ pA BfcS OA\Ur ca @S Tq S |

ASEOq ~r ~a, @SB @S TS TkUFS c TS @SAS,  cj q | ~AT   @UT S ; @S  ATq aS |

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Ff

1. AcKs OUAhOn - FABl  | ~S^ cF@ , ~S^ cAUr qgv AUATv | O TH, BUq 1997 - [Ac:O:] | p: 79

2. "av w\" - AcgkAgkKH c^oF | rf r 1408 | p: 137

3. Our Films, Their Films - Satyajit Ray . Orient Longman. Reprint 2001 - [OFTF]. Pg 94

4. Ac:O: - p 69

5. Satyajit Ray : The Inner Eye - Andrew Robinson. Rupa 1990 - [TIE] Pg 137

6. TIE - Pg 140

7. Ac:O: - p 116

8. Ac:O: - p 69

9. w\ha - cf^S i@ | Acrgf w^SAcgw, PcrZ 1396 - [w:w:] | p 225

10. w:w: - p 227

11. Collected Short Stories Volume 1 - W.Somerset Maugham. Vintage Paperback.

12. TIE - Pg 227

13. OFTF - Pg 39

14. TIE - Pg 140

15. TIE - Pg 140

16. TIE - Pg 136

17. Aa^ncUf - cf^S i@ | Acrgf, POn 1399 | p 300

aAc : ~dHe Ae

Published October 31, 2002

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