Bengali Article on Buddhadeva Bose by Sumita Chakraborty (Parabaas

cXoc c : me AS jce AS 

AT Oncf

AS cAU @@ ? Av qeAB rN ceU ~Sc  AS rNAv OAU | j@Av U jvFcAUrTxv (establishment), ~Av U qSAvAvrS (institution) | jvFcAUrTxv rNAv pb AgA  mA @S ASTH cI | rNAv cFcY   @S gcS, @S em, ~c @S cFA @T-BfcS @ | jvFcAUrTxv rNAv  s-AAS@ esw ZS AcAo-ASKo-AcoS A@a ASA rpU FAr | q AS  s cFA-TSK mofS A@av Zc   ~S@ T | rNAv jq cFS @q AAS@ AST cJo, AAS@ gC - qFA ~AgcFA B^ |

AS rNAv sZS qSAvAvrS-j ceU ArN ZSR ~S@Qnq ~w ~AUq cI | s-@S mU-@UB-AcrAcFU; ~c Ac @ cFcm; s-@S @sU - cq qSAvAvrS sZS ASA AcAo-AcoS TSF @q  |

cR qSAvAvrS rNAv cFS jq AcAo-rA AAS@ cqR ZAS@v A  | ~T sZS cAU - TSKAv ASBq j@Av AS - ZS jq A ~ ~Sgcq j s ~T TS ToF | AS jTS j@ TcA@ sZS j@Ao@ TTSm TSK j@n  jTS @S @T-c pA @S s ~S@@ ~@KH @, ~S@  @, ~S@ TS Ag rA@ BAw U | q @T jTS j@Av A ~BS @ - AsAS c sJ T mA - J T R  U-Tk TpXo @ ~S@ TSK@ | jq ~q ~T @S @S TSK@ me AS cU S BSq |  q TSKAv @S q w USAS | ASB TSq OO @ waS @S AcK | A@ J @B Acm jvq s, ~S@ J @a ~S; J r-ASr  @p S; J ~r TSZ ASB @B @c H S | ArQ@ ToF jTS TSK jZSR A@a A@a Z s | jq ~q ~T SfA@T OoF, @T S, A@ec FABl , A. Av. K-@ cU A me AS | Tcf  w Ri jq Bf AS cTq Zc c T S R  |    m\Bfcf j@Av An@ - s cf @U dLkH  iAaU AcAg^ A@ @ | ~c    AS^q j@Av ~ - sZS @ TS  ew @AaUS ~S@ AAF@ R AFA@ TSK | q ~ AAS@ TkUF T@U  cI sAS v | cf T c TSK mpA@ sZS J J TS R~ TSS A @ AUZaS ZS ~Sgk a q ~ dL | TS j@Av ~ AaU AO An@@ @^ @ f^ S  AcwS TkA-U cS, JAOU W cA Acr r@ O r@ | q ~ @^ AaUS f^S n R AO @ of^S  |  q ~ AccH A @Ar a m^ w^ AO @A ca - AUZaS AH@T SFU | rASc AOAi An@@ AW w iAaU ~ j@Av ~ |  A@a A@a As@- AccH R s An@ pq | q ~ AcAg^ oH T R  TSK j ATU AaUS | sTS - TAUU TBT, ~OF wmTf, wU U, SfO^ OMof | @\UU An@ ~ @Ac An@ ~ cHSR c kn ~B ~T BAS | R ~w AaU gf jce cBn An@ ~ |

@S An@ S, j@BS TSK@ AWR w i  cBS TwT sZS @ S-TSS-empA OO ~U-R aA s ~S@ TSK TS | qc TSK  RiS AS R J AW q TcrR AS Ts  s ~S@ ofBS cAq jTS ~ ~a jce AaU | Acer rNf O-T r@ TrO^ S @AcAB  jgcq w iAaU AF c@ ATA | ceU AF AccS j@ v@ qA o ~a ZSR |

s-@S AA An@@q ~T AS cU A | ~c j@BS cFAR ~ cFA@R wHF  S AS  | H m ST @ s ~AgoH H AOH c^FoF, AcSf T^^ Ancf | J s-c @B @aS -@B ~S@v j@q @aS; AS mS @ S | A@ J @B OAn jTSgc Tswf R BSTZf AaU s U ~T fW@U jce ~BR gw @ OUAa | jgcq AF ~^w  sR s-@S AS j@Av AcAr UQH | TTS, AcFw, c^S i@, Acc@S^ TZ cFAL @T AccH cUFco r @ @ Ac qUT |

cXoc c ToF dH c @q AS  Ri UQH AcFTS AaU | sAR mU an @@UfS TpfS, Ap-cA, TT mSrS-UAU cXoc ASB UZ Bw A@av j@q c @S; c J ToF j@w To-BU jce Ar\-AF A@ TSAS@ AS AcFSwf, cAXoTS an R A@r-dH ~@KH @ | @S @B @c @ sZS gcaS, @B  AaS ZS eZF ~\ UR ~Swf ~SwTf J  @aS | cXoc ASB mpA@AU @ jce J c^-c^c, Lf, n@SF, an-anf mpAOH @R ~Sgc @ s s, ~S@@ To @ Zc jce ~@p @c j@v B QT AaU J | OAA@ @ TSK @^ AcB @S AAS | j-@S OS @MrU S, jq ~@KS B^ AS J cFAL FA @ | sJ cFA R AS  RiS J OAn jq PcArF @q | -BSF 202 Acf ~FAgAS- j cAAv  iAaU @Ac-gcS ST AS | A@  1937 AZN WvS | R ~S@ ~w @ cXoc c sZS @S ZSq J@ AW w Ri Tcr | TS-TSS-Y B WSfgk  AFT ccH |

cXoc c cAr@ fQ fH US 1925 AZN | J AS-TSm ~SFT ASH@ An@ S R @r @c cFw | An@q q T - s j@BS S @UR jce UZ@ j@ j@ AUZUR  @U rF AScA | i@-@U Y B UQF OS | cXoc @a jq Y B @ZSR m BSA AaU S |

mU cU@ sZS AaUS, ZS @q cXoc c An@- A gUc BAAaUS | mU-an ToF  UZ An@ @c RB AaU ZS | @ (cXoc c ~T aUcU- AUZaS - "Ac@r ~c @ ST j@Av  UZ TA@n ~AT @, oS UZ@ R AUA@; ...") ~ QAH@ ST Av m\mf An@- U  @ 1925-j AAS c @US  UZ wA An@ | f AaUS c^ vS ~l cf@U @Ac, ~oF@, wcK@ ~AB  | @a@Aa AaUS ~R @ @ - ~ASU gOs, ofr Wv@, AQf^ , gOH i@, gp i@, ATe T,  , TS WK, ATU , ~TU^ c, T^ WK |

jq c^ @Uq ~crF Ai@ j@q T BT SAS |  UZ wA TA cHTU kH  wH @AaU 1927- j | -ca qxvATAv fQ AXf mS ~Ao@ @ @A v@ cpA  wA-@ m TA@ An@  A @US cXoc | cXoc c mA T AS jq wA An@ - T @r 1334 cN ~Kb ~l BS-BUq 1927 |

j@Av AS oS UQS T-TSgc-^ @@BS - ~^ -BS TSK esw; jce UQF @S j@ A@\S  o ~S@ @a MJaS, ~R ~S@@ @a vS | wA T @q jq UQF kH @AaU | T j@r v@ U j@Av @wB c @ s | rBS TTf  ~Aco U S sJ T r v@ @ cS |  j@n US dH UZ@-wf |    ca j@v cAr T OUAaU jq An@ | rK eZF @Ar AaU 1336 cN ~ArS (1929)|

j@Av AS  ~AScsgc S UR j@Av mSR ~Uw j@v sw @ | j@Av @S cA R W, O-j @S, @UB-AcrAcFU OL, @S c-j F ATAU c j@v Bw @U AS cr BTv  | wA An@ B^ R BTS TS j@ mSR gkAT@ AaU | S \vS -j AvS W jq knq AcZF  ~a |

cXoc TT AO^H Ae  AaUS 1924- j | TTf mHcU A@a@U J gq-j ~r @ b@ H \vS ~U j@Av cA UUS, qv JAOU W Uc j@Av AvS W | TAv TI jce Uc WAv ASAv AvrS ASAv W ^A | cXoc ~er TAv  ATxv j U | @pA-ASAc q cmS | UfT, ~AB ~ UBcf U, mUX j@v k cvwa AZ @ | ZU Ti, ZU ~@r, TW-ks-oR R | AvS W AS SS T wT;  c c@ | jq AvS W R wA An@ cXoc c mA T AS - Ai@S 47 Se S \vS | ~S@ c^, O ~; ceU R EOF AF AS gc-AcAST, To gw @ SR, Ac@ | q  ASB UZ OO | wA An@ @sU  iAaU q AvS W |

wA An@@ @S cUAa j@Av AS -  j@v gc Z s  | wA- Ai@ ~wq @Ar a @\UU (1923-1929), rASc AOAi (T @r 1924),  (T @r 1925) jce wA q @r a AcAOn | A@ jq An@AU SS UZ@ ~Acgc jce @S @S Qn SS pAgA mf@H WvUR AXo @ ~mf@ @c PrA\@ XoF AaU S | c oS UZ@q mS AS J | cf^S AS AmA AaU ~Ao@er An@ | rASc AOAi- Ag^ TkU AaU QHrfU A ~SwF | ~oAS@ @S AXo AFoH  cmS | A@ wA- @ ASA UQF AaU T TsXo ~oAS@ s UQH-Tk EOF AF Amv q TS pb T @r @ | An@ OUc BS TI TIq ~crF A@av AXo oS UZR AS a J@ | c J OS  mq ScF ~oAS@ gco A @c A@ An AaU cq |

wA- TA@f ST j@Av Acgw @ | cXoc rq ASB T^cF AUZS ZS | j@T j@Av T^cF Xop @Aa -

"~oS ceU AF j@Av T Acm@ R ~AgSc movement d a, j@ ~T Acr @A, jce q Sc- ~m ceU F@ ArAQ ^S@ wH @c g wA ASa |"
(TA@f, PBF, 1335 cN)

jq g @cU SR S,  AL US UR AaU jq m\mf An@Av | jq An@ pq BfcSS^ ~oAS@ m AOAS c O   J @Ac aAaUS cXoc | BfcSS^ @Ac cFZF @, J ScfSL@ TS @ AUZAaUS j@Ao@ c^ (@U U w^ e@AU)|

wA- p B A cf^-~S@H AcQ T @r @AaUS cXoc | j-AcK wA An@ @ J ASB A -

"cf^S  TZTAZ j@Av ~A-~crF@ cI OR ZSq ~T T @AaUT | cI - TS, jTS @S cFcm, A@ec cU s@ ~T A@ @ mA, s cf^S AcrU BU ~T ~v@ S A@ AO@U, J@ ~T Q Sf R cFcs @ U A | U@ j ST AAaU cf^-Ac, ...."
(~T sMcS, 1976, p. 24)|

T@UfS ~SF An@AUR SS m OS @Ar a | A@ cf^S ~S@Hq AF OS j@Tn  S - j@ cc c^ WKH @ @Bv @AaUS cXoc |  ~w mH @ s @cU ~AO^F@T S @\UU-j @Ar @AcAv -

"Z @S cA  dAo cf^ i@
~S OQ @ BAUc s fc fQS ~U
sw-ks S  @a | ......"

~AO^F@T @Ac jq WKHAv@ sA, @, AcrKH, SdA AcAg^ UZ @p ~ AA @AaUS cXoc c wA- p |

@cU @Acq S | SS m R PrUf w\ UZ R AUAZ SRcR O @AaUS cXoc c jq An@  | T@UfS EOF AF ZS WvS-ASg w\-v j Bw j@v j@v Z sha ~L@S-TkU@ jce f@f w\ cS | @R WvS Ac ~U-~UOS-Ac@ ToF j@Av w\-~g rK  sha | @R Ac ~cH UZ@ sS TB-TUOS j@Av gK-~cc w UaS | @R T TsXo- @U TSK AXo-X^, w^cFfS ~ASEO O v ia w\ AHA-AcfS AHT | rFTU  aXST AcG  cr @@Av avw\ AUZAaUS wA- | wA fWmf U  SS fA avw\ pb A Wv s RZSq | ceU avw\ jq SS fA BSF ~T ~Q @ AaU ~R  AS r@ 1954-1955 s^ |

T TsXo  @U qeAB cFf qf AF PcAOnF A@ pA AaU cCAU UZ@ | jq ~w T BwH WAvAaUS c T OMof | c @U-@rU @SAvSSvFU a @UR A cU ~Sc R ~UOS ToF A @\UU-q qf @AF cFA R PcAOnF@ jS AAaU i@ @a@Aa | q okn  U ASAaU wA | cXoc c ~-P@r @SAvSSv-~Swf - ~^ AF R Ar\@U A@ @ | wA- @Ac R w\ ~Sc a AcAr AF AS UZ a c^ | Ar R BS AF @R UZ a ~S@ | ~Sc @ a dr @AF R BS @Ac |

c ATAU -ca AS T BfAc @ j@Av An@ - s wf Fcw c ASr @ JAOr ToF - ceU AF jvq \UZswF j@ AS s wA-@ c A Acr r@ ceU @Ac ~UOS kH  S |

wA- T@Uq AS-mA cXoc c TS-OAn R @Tf-OAn ~R A@a AO q | b@ AcrAcFU ~cA@  AcrK B R  | ~S@AU anc AaU jce cA @  ~ anR s @  @S S @S anc Acp | cXoc c s AaUS Bw^ U ST@ anc  | ZS AAS m@ m an | an-e AScOS AF-@ f Ac J U J@ c^ ~w | AScOS Bf US jce q @BAvR OAU AUS AAS | J ASBq gK "@ATAv, c-@ATAv, @SAmvvFrS, ~qS @ qFA AAS@ XoA TSF @q |" q  Bw^ U-j cAK@ An@ cA^@ AAS j@ ca S @AaUS | An@-Bf AS cXoc H ~T ~ TS TA ZJB S | jq @UB-anc cA^@ J   iAaU T rAH An@ | J TAxv@ TS mHf ~AgcFA @cf @Ac ceU AF j@ mf AO - @Ar AaU cA^@-q |

AF pA ~ AF iS-iS ~SAcAha^ AST @H cXoc c J SvF-Ag ss ~SrfUS @ s SAS jce w U SAS Sv@OO en^ @S AS | A@ R cfB ~A AaU J cUF cq | rS s@ J ASB gKq | ZS @S SZAU, c -O- cAr S - "~AT il j@BS ~AgS  iAa, jTSA@ w UAa ~T Tcf c ~T Oq ~\ c @@Av aU@ BAv j@Av ASBm Sv@ U; @S BdK Ac c ~gFSg jce ~SFSF UQR ~AgS c ~cpA BSF @  ~T - BAU  r- mvB @ Ql vSU-T TrS Aa ~T |" (~T aUcU, jT. A. @ ~F S, 1973, p. 52) cf@UR SvFU w U A@a  AaU | sZS @U@ c @aS Sc-AccA Lf  - ZSR Sv@ AUZaS | c^ ATU TI TI ~AgS @aS q Sv@ | SvFU ST AaS AUvU Av | jq SvFfA U R AAS Sv@ AUZaS; ~S@ SF prFAcSF WAvaS Sv@ T @; ~ AFpA AH c j@ha ~kc @cFSvF AUZ ceU AF jq o  ~aS AcrK \UZswF ToF ~SFT |

cXoc c @U@ TSwf ASB@ AA @c ~@ AS b@ Fw @US 1931 AZN | ASAT @S O@A Sq | jT. j.  @aS cU @UB ~oF@  c Fr @S | AUZ jce qgv vFrAS @ OAU Sc O @S AS | ZS AO An@ @Ar a (1931),  ca @Ar U kNcr (1932)| T @r @AT\U UR @@T q kNcr-  i jU @U@ | cXoc c @Ac @Ar  Av An@q | A@  AS Av snT of^S  jce sgc  gOs R F^  ASBm | cXoc c ASB Bw S |

qToF cXoc c AUZ OUaS jce ~Sgc @aS s, SF, avw\, av w\ cq-j @r@ A@a A@a R wUR - @Ac cq-j @r@ Sq | ~Ao@er @r@ TAr UZ AUAZ AS OS; UZ@ gUc UZAv @r @ OS S | J cFcf, ~Ao@erq AF-AT@ SS | q cXoc c T UZ@ Acq ASB @r @US ASB R c^ ~AO^F @T Av @Ac cq - snT j@Av @ R ~T |   AAS gcUS ASB j@Av @rS-em @ | ASB j@Av @rS-em PAR @ UUS - ST AUS w^@-TUf | cXoc c mA ~ j@Av AS | jq @rS-AS mS ~AgUK R B AAS ~S@AS cB ZAaUS | w^@-TUf- T ~SAg  Ac@Ar AaU @Ac-gcS @rS-em | sAR \UZF s AcG - T e@US crf R ~vAT @r  | w^@-TUf @q | ceU AF v@ v@ qA Ag U T v iAaU  @Ac-gcS @ | cXoc c AaUS AcU q @r@ j@BS - AsAS @S ~q cFc BSF S, AF@ gUc mS @AaUS @rS em |

@U@ j@v Am q cXoc c ~c IJA US An@ S | swF ASf Ag T  J Acc U 1934-j, wUT T TFSrS ST@ j@Av cA e US J | AS UZ@ Ac cr AAOA  waS cXoc | SS e, A@ mTf-mf BSq AFH, c^fA ^ jce ~AA-clU | c^-c^c sR ~ AaU s | q cAq 1935 AZmvN ~vc T T @Ar U @Ac An@ (~ArS 1342 cN)| T -ca @ AaUS cXoc c R T^ ATn, -@ AaUS T S |

@Ac An@ cf JAOr ca o (rK eZFAv @Ar AaU POn 1367 cN; 1961 AZmvN) ceU AF, AcrK ceU @Ac ~ @S gkAT@ US @AaU  c ~UOS @aS wcK@ jce AF-i@ | ~T  Acmp ~UOS sc S | cXoc c UZ ~T @AcgcS (T @r- rf r, 1381 cN) w^ R sc jq An@ ~^ qA | g@T  @Ac An@ kAOw qA-j R sc ~SkAc@ AccH |

JOATrAU An@ sZS ZS @Ac cA Bw gv @c s  ZSR ~S@vq OU AaU q ~Ts Bw @ U jS @Ac@ kH S AA @c qha AaU J | AO@Uq ~oAS@ @Ac@ i@ @a MJa c e@\ ~S ZaS TS ToF | AO-j Pci@ ~^r   FAv TS A, Ar@w @ @Ar qAv An@ Z cXoc c qha U @cUq @Ac ~ @Ac-AcK@ wF AS j@Av An@ @r @cS | q An@q @Ac |

T eZFAv@q, A@a TUOS @UR, mw BSUS cf^S | q T eZF Zq jR vTS vqT AUvA AUTxv-j 1936-j 1 cA eZF ceUr @Ac AS ~UOS @US | @Ac FB q U ~^BA@ mf@pA |

SS ~oAS@ @Ac ~rmU  iAaU @Ac An@; AA @AaU ~S@ dH @Ac@ | jq An@q i@ AOSAaUS ~AT Oncf, T S, @TQf OoF, ~AB , ~dH@T @, Sr -@ | cf@U @pAc-wf @Ac ~S@q @Ac- ~L@r @AaUS @pAc-j ~wq | sTS r WK, ~S^ cwOf, ~U@S r | @Ac-AcK@ ~F@p c c^ @Ar a @Ac | @ZSR @ZSR cAB a Ac@ | TI TIq @Ar a AcrK eZF | cf^S, SBdU, BfcSS^, of^S @ AS @Ar AcrK eZFAU ~BR ~T @B Uw | j@v ~SF oS j@ j@Av AcrK eZF AaU fAT ~AgSc A@\S U | sTS 1950-j @Ar TA@S eZF | ASr BS ~TA@f @Ac @Ac; A@a @Ac TkU jce ~Sc rAr; q   R jAUv-j AOAi | ATH m\q A@ jq oS wA-gC ~@ ceU @Ac An@ ~w @ZSR Z sAS | cBn, @\UU, AO-@ TS ZR j@ cU s | AOSrf @Ac ~ScR co dL @ jq An@q T mS  | Acrf AF ST j@Av ASAT Acgwq AaU @Ac- | ~crF j@ ca  Av i s A@ crf @Ac A ^Z fA AaU jq An@ PcArF | Aw@ @Ac TAn @SA@ @ d @ A @Ac gUA, UAS ~TA@ wAcU ATmU  qv, , jAU~v, AU@, FUAUS, cUF-j AmA AaU ~AcU - ~Sc, ~UOS, w^-TfQ, ec | @Ac An@ j@Av AXgAK@ eZFR @Ar AaU 1953- | A@a ceU @Ac, A@a qeAB; A@a ceU @Ac ~Sc; T R JRAU @Ac ~Sc - jq AS AXgAK@ eZF @Ar R Tn AS:rAK , Acr @ ~ ~, STH Ac Ri | cXoc c @Ac BSF i@ TS jTSq j@Av OA pA @ QT AaUS |

@Ac An@ rT eZFAv @r U ~^BA@ eZF - qxvSFrSU Sc (1960) ST | cCAU R ~SFSF gf gK @@BS @Ac OS qeAB ~Sc; q  qeAB gKf @Ac @Ac ceU ~Sc - Tv SAv @Ac e@US | jq cU AS @f AUZS c jAv Sv-j cXoc WKH @AaUS s, jq eZFAv@ J ATAve w ~c SrS (Meeting ground of Nations)@ U OS | jq Fr  J AaU; jq m@ F cU Acr @c QT J AaU | j-BSFq J@ cAU AS  | AAS BSS - j@ Ac^ ArAr ks o ; AAS BSS c iJq T W ~a, ~AT q W Uc ZJAB| jTS TSKq ~S^ cST AS w U S |

An@ AS   Ri jq Sr cXoc c AaU rK BfcS s^ | ASB @rS em @AcgcS-j BSF j@Av cAK@ e@US @r @S AAS | ST AaU PcrZf | R e@PU  ~S@ UZ | TkS @Ac  AO R m Hwf AaUS J | O An@ AaU TkS @Ac A@\S | T @Ar AaU 1938- j (~ArS 1345 cN) | ZSR T ca s @ AaUS cXoc c |  q Av a AUR esw AcAha^ AS | j@Av An@ dL jq s,  cA cTS empA@ m^S R  ~AgcFA@ AUAcXo mAL  | cXoc c An@ cFAv jq ls UANo @AaUS cUq An@ ToF A empA ~SrfUS@ ~cF Z An  ASB@ s S Z mAm S S | empA q HcS R c o ASB Bw TS AAv s@ AAS ATAU A l@ AaUS | q An@ J @a AaU Ac@\fS j@ AS |

An@q WSfgk  @rS-em - cXoc AXf dLkH AAS@ @B w^@-TUf ST ~mv  of of kH  UwU | AS c-A i jaS 202, Acf ~FAgAS-j cA | q cA @q @Ac An@ j @Ar c | sAR @Ac An@- SS Ai@S @AcgcS rNAv AaU S A@ ~Kb 1344 cN (BS 1937) @Ac- T S @@Av @Ac e@US AcS @AcgcS rNAv ~a | @AcgcS STAv sS ~S @q v iU | @Ac An@ @sU jce @AcSwf Ac  ~c  swl | @rS-em STR gcq  wU @AcgcS | @Ar  UwU SS @Ac @Ac cq - cXoc c @cf, gK TZoF T @Ac-e@US A@, T S @@Av @Ac, ~AT Oncf ~AgS c^ | ASgU TH, prF vq, pA-S^S ha ~O T cAr S - @AcgcS @rS-em j@v ~rq  iU AF-Bw | UZ@ ASB cq-j ~A@  cS @cS jvq r AaU | A@ ~S@ T UZ@ c ZO A i S S | Qn cXoc c@q jAw ~  | AcSR AASq AS |

@AcgcS-j @rS ~oAS@ ceU @Ac ~QA@ ~q AA@ | cf^- c @Ac @Ac AUZaS, ASB cF e@USR @r @aS sc | A@ @S e@US-w^ AcSFm  TkUF ha S J UZ |  ca ~w S^ c S @AaUS @cF-fAU (1927)| @r@ ofO^ @ fc ~A LLR S^ c ~w q e@US mS AaUS T^ ATn, cXoc c jce ArcT Oncf |  1938-j cf^S S @Ar U ceU @cF AO |  @Ac AaU BfcSS^, of^S, ~AT Oncf, ~AO^F@T S,  gOs, T^ ATn, ~^re@ , cXoc c, ~AB , TSfr Wv@, ASr  | c q e@US AcrK @ ~ZAr @AaU ~oAS@ @Ac | e@US AaUS S gK TZoF, @^ gOs, T S jce J ~wB AcG  | @Ac AScOSR  SAS @Ac | q @cUq ~oAS@ @Ac AS j@Av e@US @c @ gc U | S AL US f^S TZoF ~ ~c f ~qc | A@ @T-S Aegwq ^ @AaUS cXoc c | q @ T ATU AS ~S@ Qnq | BS AUZAaUS Av ~U @f | cXoc R A@a A@a TPS@F AaU q @q | cXoc ASB @ UZc swR SAS |  LLR Jq AS^  @AcgcS @ @Ar U ~oAS@ ceU @Ac T e@US - s q cf^S@ A | @AcgcS- j ~AgS c jTNT AaU - b j  j@Av SM@ | Av T Z  1942-j | @AcgcS @ @Ar AaU ~R ~S@ cq A@ AcrK \UZswF j@  j@Av w^TU | jq A@\S ToFR ASA AaU gAcKFl Ac@r cS |  ~S@vq UR a |

jq A@\S T rF AaU j@Av ~AgScL m R, s @Ac A@ ~@p  i@ TS | AXf rF AaU AFq @T T rgS-rS gU @Ac j@Av @ ha U R @Ac-i@  | ATq qB KU p cq | A p T j@  Ac KU  - q T O ~S T | @Ac eZF AS @S ASA AaU S | KUAv p ~l j@ T sAU @Ac sgc BS s  - AUq @ | ~S@ cUS jq AAB-j j@Av AcAr ~r AaU | ~UF-cf jce qeAB gK AcAr SFA@ BT B @AcR AUZS | J @@Av @Ac j@Av e@US @Ar  1927-j | Av @Ac jq e@USAv ST B AAaUS 'POMES PENY each' | T(Poems)S, T(Pomes)-  hacO@ jq hOH j@v ~cq | c AS j@ ArAUe  | cqAv T AaU j@ ArAUe | j@Av @Ac j@ ArAUe-j | j@Av @Ac ST AaU AvAU(Tilly),~UF-j OUA gK  ~l ~AA | q @Ac eZF  | cXoc c ~crFq BSS B-j @Ac-Am@Av @ | J c^R BSS | cTS UZ@@ j-@ cUAaUS ~^r  R AcTU TZoF | BSq @Ac-w^ @Ar  j@  j@Av w^TU |

A@ AAB-j ST qA cXoc B @a @ ASUR jq w^TU A@\S AaU J ASBm | ~A prF R caq @ av av @Ac cq m\ TkUF @Ac i@@ R - jq AaU J e@\ | ~rf UF  AaUS AAS | @Ar AaU 1942 @ 1944 AZmvN s^ - cXo eZF ~iAv | F@Avq BSA AaU | AXf emH AaU OAv cq-j | jq AAB-j @Ar cSU S-j T emH @Ac BfcSS^@ AcU AAOA AAaU jce ~oAS@ TAxv@ @Ac j@ p^q mS @AaU ceU @Ac-i@ TS | ~AT Oncf TAv U AaU jq AAB-j AcAr e@US | ZSR ~AT Oncf OS-PrUf i@ ~gFm  SAS | jq SS@ OSc AL sS wH @AaUS @r@ cXoc c | TUOH OoF AXf @Ac-e@US TS-cS @Ar  jq AAB-j, ZSR TUOH ScfS @Ac | q T ~F^ dH q @Ac T S ZU AOAi ~  ATn gTH @r  jq AAB-j |

cAo@ \UZswF ~^r  a, ZSR a-AUAZ cU J @S AAOA AaU S | cXoc c @@Av @Ac OqU ~^r @UT il SS oS a j s | q T T@Ai ~SgFm oS @Ac | cXoc c  AU TA @S | ~^r AcZF a - jgcq T MJa wU i@  |

jq @Ac-w^AU @AcgcS @rSf -~^AU Sf - TA  | Ai@S q AcZF 202 Acf ~FAgAS, @U@ | j@R \UZF s, cqAU ha jJ@AaUS sATSf , r , T^S Oncf TZ Ar\f | cXoc c @A^@ ~w R cFAw @ vSq c AaU jq Tcr | j@  j@Av AAB-j ~iAv @Ac jq ha ceU AF j@Av \UZswF WvS | jq AABAv j@ T T @Ac cq R An@@ jTSq ~AgBF AAaU s, jZSR s^ prF, j@-T @Ac @wB R cq mkU @Uc cq R An@ ToF A sAS | jq TAvR ~a j@ ASBm AF |

@Ac-AABAv UF lA cXoc c 1943 @ j@Av avw\-w^TU AAB-j A@\S @S | jq w^TU @ AaUS Ag c | jAvR AaU OTl@ | @ j@Av c Av @ w\ | mha T w\ AAaUS TAS@ c^FoF - s cJO | AUZAaUS T OMof, ~^r , UfU TBT, S^S ATn, BrZ c, kHrrf cf, BFATU cf, ~AO^F@T S, ATU  |

A@av ~gc, TkU cXoc c nT ASB UZ, wcKH, ~oFS cAr BA  Av AABq j@ T c^  wU | A@ AXf AcrsXo sZS OUa - q BPSA@ ~^US, T^^, c@ TF, TkUFcpAXo, cT sw - AF T cS ZU Z jq j@w ~T @a ~B j@ Acf rA cUq Ag  |

AS  ASA j@Av mS ~Uw j@v sw ~a j-@ ~w cUAa | @AcgcS @rS AS jce 202 Acf ~FAgAS-j cAAv gcq ~f  ~a | jq cA AAv ^F  ^ @ Ar\f-AAF@ BSF | ToF j@c ASAT AFgR OUS @AaUS cXoc - T  c - rASc ^F c Acc @U | cXoc me, wp@nf Ag c, cU@ R A@rcm n@SF - @Uq j@^ gUc ~FS @S ~AA | @, cXoc c gK cS A@a ZF| TI TI ~SF F cAR g c | A@ AFgq fTcXo AaU S @AcgcS ASAv | ZS AASq Tcr, AASq ~FS jce S^AS@ ~S^T ccH | dH @Ac jce @AcAT@ @ cU cUF; ZS TI TI ~S sATSf , ~UO^  | j@c jAaUS T OMof - sS cBn-j AF j ATUU @Ac-  | ~S TAS@ c^FoF jce BfcSS^ r T TSK sJ cn mha^  S S | @AcgcS-j jq ~cRAv cXoc c jce Ag c -  BSq @S @S w\-SF TI TI v ia |

cXoc c mA rK AS, cU s sc AcrAcFU USTkU@AF Acgw | SS oS AcK | ~r jAaU EOF AcrAcFUAU @ | ~oF@ AaUS @ @ AcAr -  JU,  ~JS, : A@ TrU | cCAU ~oF@ ToF AaUS S^S gOs, cXoc c me jce of^S  | of^S jT. j.  AaUS S cU ~AR iAaU | A@ cXoc J AS c @AaUS q ~-~AST | j oS @B TSswF A@S  Ac@ ~T sc S | A@ j-v@ cUc - of^S@ ~oF@ Ac ~S @ TkU of^S  cFAw @ c^S AaU S | of^S  ST TSKAv AFS R co cFA AaU USTkU@ AF ~oF@ c Q ~r | S U, jTS @ cXoc c cBS q AaU | jce J AAw ASR @S r i S | A@ of^S  a ~ @@ AAS @SAS |

jq USTkU@ AF Acgw T @@ ca sJ ananf AaUS, sJ ASB ArAQ @AaUS cXoc c jce kc ~oF@ - J  @Uq cf @U ceU jce ~^BA@ Qn @S-S-@S A@ ASB ST@ @T-cAr AA @aS | J @ @ pArfU AAF@ - sTS Sr  (Sr  ~crF FQ an AaUS S, AaUS fW AS @Tf), ScSf cS, Hc^ r, AcF^ AU | @ @ iS-iS Bw wcKHTkU@ @B @c BSF jce ~ScTkU@ OS BSF AcAr  ~aS | sTS TSc^ c^FoF, ScSf cS, ~AT c, @TUr OoF, Tf S (Tf S UZ cXoc BfcSf jZS cXoc A@ s @S @B BSF ~crFiF), T^f c Ae (ASB UZ aR A AcAg^ OS@ ss Ts eAQ Z @B sJ AS R Q qToFq TAH)|

sJ FQ an AaUS S A@ dH ~oF@ Ac sw AAaUS JR j@-j@BS ZFST wcK@ - mS TBT,  cf OMof wcKHTkU@ @B ~-AcmH swF | j@Av AS jgcq  UF TH @  |  AS @cU A S |  AS rA R oS fAc  RiS ~R ~S@ TSK | ceU empA j@Ao@ @ AS  cXoc c@ ~T STm |

c 40; BSA, 2008

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