Ketaki K. Dyson's Ei Prithibir Teeen-Kahini--reviewed by Sumana Das Sur- Parabaas Issue 38

c c@mv (kH)

@Ac

w\/TFOS/Sv@

SF

c^/BfcSf/mpA/AF gK/~AgoS/qA..

Arr/A@r

Books_in_English

Parabaas Moviestore

Read an extract of Noton Noton Pairaguli (tr. by the author)

w^TUOS : jq pAcf AS @ASf, R BU J ~S - @@f @rf qS

TS  

@@f @rf qS, jq pAcf AS @ASf : Sf, Swf/ SvS SvS AU/ gAAU, ATAB SkS emH, aAT c@, @U@ 16, BSA 2006; BU J ~S, ~S^ cAUr qgv AUATv, @U@ 9, BS 2003

jq pAcf AS @ASf- STq @r   cFA | jq e@US ~^gk a Acer rNf AXfo B AcAg^ T AO ASAv ~ZFS | j ToF Sf, Swf @Ar AaU 1965 AZ:, r An@ | jAv @@f anBfcS ~Ag AgA UZ | , 1981 AZN w^@ @Ar  | jq e@US AXf @ASf UAZ@ T kH PWF SF SvS SvS AU | jAv w Ri 1978 @ 1980 AZN ToFcf T B | r-j 1981-82 U ocA@ gc @Ar R  cq  c 1983- | pf ~l crK OSAv@ wn AcO cw\ cU s | gAAU ST jq w\Av 1999 U r-j rf eZF @Ar  | qAkc @S w^ ~^gk AS | jq ASAv @ASfq cAS cq cB BF S | ~wf i@@ m^o jq OS m wH @ U UqcA A@ec ~SF @R cFAw ew TZQf  @ a | aAT c@-j Fw j@ B^cFf jq ~gcco, jq rkSFmS kH U | ceU @rS Bw F ~w jq emAv ~AgS^S F  hOTS @B BSF | pAS^S ha @ d @ a jce cJoq-j sL m AO R s | ZO @T AU@ Q@pA SAT jS cq ~S  O @ AS | OZ@ jv@ @ S AR ar j@ p cqAv  sR s |

Sf, Swf@ @@f ~LBfcSfTkU@ TFOS ~ZF AUR jAv TkU S ~^Sg BfcS @ASf -- s ST ~U @ c^cf@ cqAv AAS lw @aS | ~R ZAS@v Acmpgc cU s S,  T TT ~^Sg jce AAT TT SAAS -- jq AS B^ w\ cUaS AAS jZS | s OUAOn OS @a FA @i TFJ rAU Acr, TSKBS R  BfcSsn |

~ UAZ@ anBfcS c^ S | j@q anc A@aAS @ c  AO | @UB v rK U r  U UAZ@ A@aAS BSF TFJ S R  Ac ~A mf@ @S | ~ ~^ ~U Tk S OAn PcArF  mAcoAU J TS swl @MkU R ~@KH Bw | S j@o TAxv@, ~cwcH jce ~^TZf |  mgc @M@A, aUTSKf jce fc ~LTsco ATUATr | S  SAnr ca BfcS j@Ao@ @ gC jce w w\ ASAaU  gf c^cf@ |  BfcS snT ja j@ ~wS, j@ f sc@, jce j@ qeB | @ jq QAH@ BSF f A@ S AcAg^ T AT@ SA@  ASBq ? j  j@gc ZJB R s S BfcS wgf STU - s aA ~a  Ac AS B^cFf qA | B^kn dr-~TSf  Ao@f, oT ~, ^ cc@f S ~^w OS j@Ao@  A nf @ - s  BfcS a^@ @ U ~Am, Acsm |  AgvOF AAT - sJ@ cpXo c jv@ ~r BSF ^S   W ,  mTf-AF T - sJ@ QA^cpA BSF m ArT @  - jJ BfcS ~f qA jce gC m cTS a T ~SH @ S@;  ASB W cJo m@ ~Uf@, AcgT cU TS  |

S jATw BfcS X^ jce s^H jq mpAAgA@ @ASf @^ UR @pA jce OUTS BfcS  jZS AQ S | ~ @@UfS PSrc cS ST ASBS  o wpmcA cwS O  U @ U AaJ ~S cHS q c^cf yfA  ATr @ dH c aUTSKf jce BS ~S S qha | qeB jce f BA cwSAcU dAO @T @   AO^S AUS@ | @-cAmU BSf T ha rAr ~a K@U, cQ|Tk Z TATTf ST-j cHS |

1981 U Sf, Swf sZS w^@ @Ar  ZS @@f  gkAT@ AUZAaUS, "... SvS SvS AU, sAv jZS r-j cha - -AHA cfB, ~T  TS , ASA ~a jq Sf, Swfq |" (p.17) Sf, Swf s gcScfB SvS SvS AU cpQ AHA a  @@Av ~AgTZ@ S @ s | T, Acer r@f SfgcS - s oTn AUPcKTF Ac fTcXo S @ cp R cF@ j@ A MJa | Sf Pco, TSS jce ~LTsco mf@pA cf @ | AXf, UAZ@ mgcq J AAr@ @ l@ jce @MkUf | ~oFS c dH c Acr c jce   r Acc @ eBfcSsS J q B cH Ar@ BUAS @a | U:, ~oS OAU ~ AcrS c kcq J OS AcrA | ~^:empA@ ~SS J @a R c Tq mgAc@ | pf, UAZ@ jq AcrcfQ cmA^ | j@A@ sTS AAS TSAc@ @ ~^TU cr @aS, ATrAcc R ATr Ao@ AcAg^ A@@ U jSaS, TSq qA UcU A@ec ~^BA@ BSfA - SfAR J AcOHQn cq @AS | O, ArQ jce TSS ~^BA@ TSA@ UR UAZ@  AO gk AcUfS  sS @ZS - ce  ~LA BSF Uq @ - TpgK UZUAZ @ s ~SFT | qAcABT-j Qf UR AF A AAS cXo | J w\ SF s TSKAU @ AAS cUS  ToFR jq ~LAO ZJB ~^:AUU o cA |

SvS SvS AU SfgcS AcK @@f J cq TZc^ cUS, "jq SF...  r@ Sf-~^US U W ~S a" | (p. 9) @@f @rf @AF jq A@Av AS qAkc UZ j@Av c^ ~AT TvTAv Acmpgc ~UOS @ O @Aa (AUAU R  ASf / PcJ / 7T cK / 1T eZF / BUq 2001) | Sf, Swf S AaU A@av Acg^ | j@A@ Ycw, W cJo mgAc@ ~@CQ, ~SFA@ :AZSf T A @cFco jce jATw BfcS cS ATU ATr ~Am, ~ASAEO S BfcS | S BfcS v R X^AU@ sS ABT-j ToF U cHg WAvaS UAZ@ SvS SvS AU- | A@ec cU s ~S@AU Sf sS  l @ ASw  ASBm a^ R wA ZJB OUa @CAQ TS | AT AOSS A SvS AUAU AT-j ^S  - s nTr AH  j @^f SfgcS f@ | ~T-j T ASf AaU AUAU | A@  dK ~l ~T TS ~Ao@ cf @ Dr @ cA^Sf @ pA @S Dg@, s @TSc@F TS Sc ~T rL | jq SF jA@ ww, gFUA AUSS, A@A AmS, JB cSv, AT AOSS, AS FS BfcS W R cA w\ o  AUAU R Dg-j q AO^S Uq |  @ZS AUAU  TS ~Ao@ O ~c @ZS c Dg  @TTqB @ |

1978-79 U sZS SvS SvS AU nTr w ia q T j@Av qeAB c^ UZS @@f -"Towards a Multi-Dimensional Women's Movement"; , 1985- AB An@ BSF j j@Av ceU  S cTAn@ Sf-~^US ~AgTZ - ST A | ceU c^Av cTS J c^ e@US OU^ ASTH-j ~^w a | jq c^ UAZ@ AcAg^ Tr, AcAg^ m T BfcS aAc U jSaS - mS a  rKH, cS jce Ac qAcp | ceUr F^ wTU A OKf Ac T @ sTS ~a, TSq ~a TA@S s @pf T  | jq  s @aS UAZ@ ASB cFAw BfcS ~Ag@ | @S jce wv AcvS J e-BfcS T c j@o T, mf jce wp@nf AnAco AL TU @TSgc wcKH @AiS rp ~H @US eQ ~O TTmrf cHS q qA Accp @aS AAS | rAr U cI s SvS SvS-j SfgcSq H jq c^ | UAZ@ ASB gK OS cn Ac@fH TU |

c jq SF oTn TUf eUq fTcXo S, T@UfS r-@U AR Acrm | AcvS Twv FO AScOS B   r@ rKgw BPSA@  PSA@ WvSTk ZAOn jZS o a | ToFOF an ToF q AcAg^ r  j AcS R @Awf AcF ArQ cHR jqT \UZswF  cpAXo  | SvS-j mTf ~fS ^ mU anTwT cHS AcKAv o a | SvS c^cf jA@ R  mTf ~qgS vmvxv ~qAr |  AcA@ TF R X^ kn o i ja @FAU@ R vmvxv AO^S Aco  | ~ j@ c^cf AT B^ ~UBA |  mpA  o SF MJa wa @^vSvqS TUTS ZSS ~^: |

Sf, Swf T @q ATr Acc U empA@ ~SS jce H @@f ~w AcK | jc Qn AAS @cU cq w\v cUq T sSAS, BU UaS Av TSK @ wgf BUr | sTS, AT R  qeB mTf @ AOSS ~c @qc@ fgKf T JB jce  AcAvr mTf FA cSv | j  F BfcS BU R o T ATr Z S, ~S@Qnq, U R BU T ~U  @ | AT A@ec JB ~AL@ e@v TH @ ~oAS@, AcrA TSK qAc ~qAxvAv wgf AAS s ~AgsBS An OU  S B S |

SF jAw OU   ~T AOS AS A SvS, S cCAU c^cfAvq H | q T AT@, q T BfcS R Bwl @ l@ jce q T @pA ToF  ASB@ ~Acy @ | SF d 1978-j vc, rK 1979 U vc, wfyTc@r rK j | ToFcf j@ ca TfT cU AAv kQAkQ TkhaS@ aJ waS UAZ@ | ~@r e @ wa  e cU, AZ @, TTf U v Ri A@ec I sR@ e ~cw Av UaS AAS | SwA@ Pco SF @pA UF R m:mk@ SUf  T cS U j@ OTl@, mrswF PcfF pA a |

AT@ i gAAU@ Sf, Swf bC UZ ~LPBcAS@ OS TS  | c jq @H s jAvR TdKf cS AScXo jce Sf, Swf T mST Am S @UR c s ZAOnAv v Ri   ~S@Qnq UAZ@@ j@L TS  | sTS, cf^S aAc AcK J ~SA^l, gAAU@ cf^@Ac ~Sc  R, J qeB mTf - gpA qA s OAn AUFvAv PA @ Av@ sS me @@fq cU S @ qha Bw i@ TS | AcrK, @@f 'Memories of Argentina and Other Poems' cq "The Mysterious Universe"-j  prF ZJB R s jq @ASf @@Av prF emS | sTS, TS AOnrSf sR, OS vS ToFgBS, Av. Ag- AQH ~TA@ w Ar AcK FAOn Z gpA | vc 1999- @Ar jq @cFw^ | j@q ca rf r-j @Ar  gAAU | TT p AF Av m^ BJ-j jq oS RgUFAe Zc mgAc@ | ~crF UAZ@ BASaS, gAAU J cmc Z @S j@Av OAn c AAccS S | jAv ASTH ~@ AAS ew @aS j@Ao@ l @ jce   @\S ATAr | ~ TSK @\S  ~AcATr @S cm S, ~Ag ASs  ATr @q |

gAAU ST cw\Av w\ TSgc A@a Sq | ~crF @@f @S OSq @A w\ cU IJ@ Z s S | mA^ BfcS A^ iq AAS ~Ao@ sLcS | gAAU BfcS @ASf@ cFAAcrK BfcS AS w U @TxvA A\T gA mA @S AAS |

gAAU  @@ T Ql qeUF j@ ~v wFUA H, "PwA@nrAg T^ j@ BU @U" | gAAU ZS SA Tk-@p j@ gms mO ~J@ AST | @@ mlA re  gAAU jq gmsAv @ J ~^ASA AB @ BSS | j@ AcrU gf rf SfTkA - s TAv Q - sS j@ STSK | gAAU rA r - Sf TAmyfS rfcm ZSq A@ Ar\f rF ? jq AO nTr wb  ~vwFUA @FAxvS AXf Q jce ZS @ aAc W OF Ar\@U @ mA@ gc AcAST | AO nTr c^L TS MJa sZS @@q R cf^@Ac ~Sc  gAAU cFZF @S SA Tk gmsAv ls | cf^S "c^" @Ac ~SH AAS cUS jq dg Sfrf me pAcf | Bfconf AAS, Jq ToF Tm Hf Xgc jce AcU | A@ TSK  Ug,  g BBA @ Ua BSSf oAnf@ | A q cSg cS @ ~, Tk@ pA AAS @cU O ~aS | gAAU jq cFZF mp S @@, "BfcS ~ Ar\@, @Ac ~ gms@ A@gc ATAU AUS ! cI A, TSKAv oH SS |" (p. 649) jq ~ oH, @p ~-oH TSKAv A @MkU jce ~@KHq J c^L@ pb @ |

@ZS eq Av sBS POAS@ Sv@ ~AgS gw @, @ZS Tv ~c sS, ~c @ZS c U ~F@AT ~AB AOnAr\f TS- rSf Z OU @ J ecf ~UOA, gcS ~SS | A@ TSK BfcS  j@TAn@ S | AcrK, gAAU T Ar\f TSK BfcSsS qAcpAU Z A@ec rA^ S cQn | J Q T AS gAAU@ Z @@ TS AaU, "J@R j@Av gms T Z - MTF R rS, A@ j@q  DKl c^, s EOgkAT c: @S ~kH qA a |" (p. 647) nTr WAv  q ASA qA - s j@q  cFA R TA, AS@v R k |

BAw AcO TkU dr gAAU, BTAS dr ~w@ cero | BTS  Ao@R c A@av ATra  Ac | Prrc @va J AXf AcrsXo T BTAS | cf BfcS mf S qeUF | qeB mf AU, n AS@U jce @SF wAcU@ AS J e | cc T U@w UR cJO ~aS ~A cpXo AAT ~\ | sJ QHcQH AL sgc gAAU jce J cS | e gAAU cerSnT ~Agcf | dr-BTS Ao@, U ~ AS mpA jce cTS AcvS c ~Ag ATU ATr w Ua J AcrcfQ | J TS Aw^@ @a A, OS@ iJq Aa Q cFAm o |

jq w\Av Acer rNf ASAv oS BPSA@ WvS AccH ~a, s TScgF qA @U^ jSa jce s FQ A@ec Q w Ua gAAU OSU@ | TAv dr Acc - s AO i@ Ug @S ~\ mpA  o | AIS@ AOdAS jce T rAg UUOT ~O cU cFAL ~Ao@AHf ~\ s AccH @@f S   prFq S AAT TT SAAS A@av prF TU | sAR jJ j@BS dr, ~BS ~TSf, A@ jq q TAU c j@q empA@ AF@ cS @S J Br@ | c g SF ~\ @a cTS TkAU ok  ja A@ ~f AS mpA ~F^ U | cecq AAS A sS q ~f ~AU^, cUS dr Acc @ - "... ZUT, AS an TpU c  ~a q AcFS H |  ~T r BUT U - Ai@ TAS  ~a, I rK wa U sTS rf@p  @ I U A |" (p. 652, 653)

AXf AA@ WvSAv AcrsXo | gAAU AXf AcrsXo ^S | BTAS J Prrc @va sXo@UfS ^ ~ ASAU | q T@ AcrK j@Av WvS mf a U wa J mpA v | AAT  AwAaUS r ToF @ATmv @S |  gCO cAW, J@  c T SfO BU R g @ AcrU@ Odv T U J Ri TSKF - @S A@aq J co Bw TS ~US UAS | A@ @ATmv @S ~AAAO @i WAv, sAv  UU Ri ST @ - Av@ sZS Ac@U, AS  s ZS ZS ilq J q T@ Ar TAmy jq OS A  s Or pAcfv cU wa | ~B@ Mb gAAU cUS, "@cU q ~S COv @i Wv@ Z q s j@v g ArH ~Sgc @AaUT, v ~BR ~T c@ ToF b  cJO ~a |" (p. 654) c ca A Prrc Z q Ac@U @i WAv gAAU OS sS j@ f@ AH  - TScgF f@ | c Spre, c SS @U   ~ jq gF cAF@ @iTAv  Ai@q ~a, A@  ~^ wa  |

~crF jTS YfS sS Tm Qn F S, cFAnT ~crFq @ | sTS, gAAUq me cFAnT | J ecf Ar\f TSK YfS ~Lcm, gF  ~oAS@ ST Spre FUfU fA, @ co @ | gAAU-n AS@UR cS @ A ecS Ao@ | dr qA AS m@ wcKH AS@U j@AS @@ R J mTf@ AgAR j@Av @TxvA A\T Z | AQH ~TA@ @UAc cwv r j@ gU@ AUr  Z TAv SfO ST w b@ A @ aUT ScS BSF @B @aS - jq AcK@q mA @a A\TAv | AS@U BS ~F@AT@ wcKH Oq jTS @Bq  ~Ao@ ~@KH co @ |

cFAnTf jq sc@Av TSA@ gc gC  sZS jq w\ cTS ~a  pf AA@ WvSAv - "AXf AcrsXo cf q cpT @dQn" - cAS sXo, swmAg cT cKH | AS@U S AT@ AcS, cUw cA^ | swmAg A cpvS ~ATnUg ~OH  AS@U@ ASB @a ~of @ UAaU -  WT cA Z ~LF O @ |

c AS@U jq ~LSS O @v AAmA O ~ @vq c BSAv@ Ao@ U -  @ j@v AB @q s | @H, @SF wAcU cS ~Ssf gAAU ASB TFAS@ AAg | Tm @ASf B Z s ~S^, mkA, ~cw @ZS AAS i ~S b-j Ok, ~c @ZS c sS ~U |  J Wa ~AS@  cSco jce @TBfcS @A ~UF, Z@UfS @B UqS O J@ iU AS s  A@S jce mgc ArScH J@ o A U  Z | BfcSS^f S@ T j@ ~LWf AcKu, j@ "Ac^ Acm"co JR "~^w  Ag ZU @" jce J@ "^, ^ @" |

c "U@v W" gAAU rK AHA S | rKc ArS  AcK @ @ Xo ~r AAS mS^A S ~cA@ U | ZS @@ jce J mTf J@ Z wU gAAU BSS AAS@U AOA@l rAr ~Z ~c TkAU AAS gA UaS @Ac AUZ | j UZ Tf S, ASB BS, ASBq BSF UZ | jq @AcAU ToF A J ~^w, ~cdXo ~cw sS ZJB a j@ ASwTSTZ | gAAU OAn jq A@Av  ATU a SvS SvS AU @Ac FA c@v-j | FAR J BfcS j@Av c AcK ~n^ AaUS jce  @Av i @Ac A ToF A Ug @AaUS mf ~wF | OAnAv jq prF @ @@f me \UZ @aS cq TZc^ | (p. 12)

@ASf rKer @@ U oaS gAAU @AcAU TkU ASs | j@ ItAcom @pA aAc i ja ZS | wa U I  U, U,  ~coA gc BAw U ~\ TZ rS dr Acc mpA, AcrAcFU S I U T mkf@p dH an Tp | Ae ^ pAcf jTS I cec ja | aSa @ A wa @pA cS R BfcS ~@CQAU@ | c gAAU @Ac I cHS Sq, ~a ItrK cFSwg R ArAT r^ @pA @ | s @pA @U A sR @ cf^S cUaS J @Ac ("c^"), s @pA Pos R AcKu ATkA  ia SA Tk gms - q @pA | gAAU sS Acr @S gF R T ~ AU A TSK j@AS  ~r ZJB c @pA c@ |

@@f @rf qS gcS U@Av @ZS AcOF  S ~S g@^ @ | AAS sZS @S gcS@ @r @S SF, Sv@ A@ec c^ ZS  cU @, ~cw @ A@ sA ~Aggc@L AU S @ZSq | J SF Sf hO ~LWKH ^Z, cJO c @ R ~AL@  ~oFAL@ Qo ASS l | c @@f SfgcS @ZSq j@IJ@ S | TSKFBA ~oer ~l dK w AAS bUR gc AS, YfS, ~FOf @T jJv S S @A c Sfcf T | Sf, Swf A@ec SvS, SvS AU J pA @ TkU T  @UR dK ja  Ak@  | AcrK, SvS SvS ... -j FA c@v @AcOO, Tao, Mb c AS:, mf   ~gFm F c AAC dHf SvS c AS Os BSF cF@U - c ATAU SfOAnoS SFAv j@ BU PcfF Am | jq OAn pA cAI  dK Y rN S ~w SS UAZ@ | J cfQH jq cFA jce B empathy~R m @Ar gAAU- | ZS dK ~^Bwl jce cAAcr PXo jce ~K@ TTf @UT Av UaS AAS | AcKAv j@ SS Tn MJa J A@T SF BU J ~S-j j |

jq SFAv ASTH A@ec ~A@ A@ @R ZAS@v ~AgSc | ~crF Tw ASfQ U UAZ@ AAv SFq | AOAi kn wJ U SvS SvS AU  1981-82- @@f UZS cf^S R Ag@A R@ ^S (1985- @Ar) | SF R wcKH Av o@ cHf T cJo UaS AAS jZS | SF OAn ~SAT@ nAn@. mpA@, AOAin @ F ew @ Acer-r@ To AcZF Sf-cFAL Ag@A SASTH @ | j@T me Ag@A sS AOAin  a Tk  i  oS ~SAT@,  S  cFAw v | BU J ~S SFAv w ia Av OAn - ~S jce ATAU BcAS, @ s Anf | s-XoA AAS j BS AO^ BU cSaS SF v@AS@ AcO  SS S | Acer-r@ AXf-pf r@ B A@ec U SF TSK OS wgfT r cr s @ ^AO @AaU q stream of consciousness; ceUAFR AcAg^ T sJ TSSoTf SF AUZaS, cFc @aS jq XoA | okBAv TZoF, wU U, fS gf, cXoc c @ Tr c, AcTU @ A@ec rFTU woF | c @@f SF AcrKL U @ZS J OAn AAS MJa S mpA ~AU^ sZS @ Z s OAv B^ ~sR Ma W  | Av Tr AcAg^ gK R empA TSK  | gf @ ~ ~R ~S@ AAO, ~AAO TZ |  @ c^ c ~Lf, ~c @c ecn  A@ec AvAg  @ TZ c | ~crF rq Aa^ a c wA | SFA@ OAn SAT jSaS WvTS cmc TAv | U S ~c BS  ~S jce SS A@ec Aew  ATAU sZS @ cU ZS cTS j@v A Pf , @ ToF@ kQ vSrS ~g TU | ~ jZSq jq SF ~AgScL | UAZ@ @Mv @ @d@s ZS, ~c  ^OS @ ZS Ag@ TAHTR | SF OAnAv mS jce @U AQ TSgTH cFA Acm@ | r, @U, empA g Sf-dK @ ~AQ@@ aJ Acer-j@Acer r@ gF   cFZF OU sS @@f | J jTS ~S ^ wTS @R @a  ~pA @^OFA cU TS   | A@ TSSrfU i@Tnq cIcS s TSK TS jTS gcq TkToF cQ| AnT @ |  AO^ TI av av rAA@ RU UU  c @pAnT, cq @ OA R |

r ~Ar p jq SF WvSnT j@AS | ASAv 2002 U cA rK A@ec TO w A@ | mS US ~k j@Av r jce @U@ | ~w AS ~S cJ OZ ~mO a | AS @U WT gC jq OZAv@ cFB-T @   ~Acy @ OZAv mgAc@ pA  A ~qAS,  Av A prFTS Bwl@ TS ha sS gFS wW-j ~J@ mv-qrASmv aAc UFm | mf BS R BAS  ~S S gA  U qTBA^ R | ZS  OZ Ag@ O @TS AOA@l d  | cA@ Tv  U c mS | ~SFA@ ~S-BS-j T ^S ATAU @U@ | ~S Z cS ~l  ATSAf cA |  AS cq A@ec nAn@ , qxvSv-j sF AcAg^ LL \U OU, @ZS ^W j OvBUA Zc cAS S, cB  T vAUS c s c cA c vAUS @ cU | ~l ~m @H S UR ATAU TvTAvgc AS: Am ASAv @v | OAnAv jq AmA  TS@ ~co AcOH q ~c@r  @TcFm TI s @ZSq c AaU S |

j@AvTn AS WvS UR jq SF ~f @ cTS  gAcKF A@ A | cTS ~AgW sTS  mA^  TSq OS m ^Sf ~U U MJa s ~f mpA W | jq l A@ A sR wgf  ~a ~LAO j@ ZJB | ~S gK, -"... jZS ST Ac^Av A@gc MJaUT, @f q sn qA,  cI U knU Bv a a A s c j@c q ~^@ ~c, Tpwg..." (p. 174) | cTS jce ~f TI swkn ~S^S jq SF i ja OAv B^ aAc | T, ~S TT TTf B^ - s Ql ~S  sMcS T r qeUF j | AXf, ~S cc, @@, @A@T ~dHUZ, T Av | jZS UQHf, ~S cc jce @@ ~STf A@ ~dHUZ c Av @cU mST Am S,  ST  BA @ v@ ~SK | j @H A@ jq s  UAZ@ SfBw rA@ ? SA@ jq @H s Prrc T@ S rkSFco jce q rkSF kH @ @A@T mha ~S TS Of mpA s @ jJ@AaU  mf AaU AH cR ? US cc A@ec @@ A@av k TSK | Tf R T - ~FASv R AcS, TT TFU@T | pf B^ ~a ~S R  mf BS jce  kn o ja ~R cr A@a OAn | ~S  @Tf @SF UA, v-T^-AgU, cS R Tf UqB, ja @U@ cc@f ~S Z cS ATS jce  mTf ABS | O B^ ~a ~S-BS @SF R n ATAU jce Aew | ATAU-Aew c^OnAv  ~^BA@ | sTS, BTS aU ^, ~o qeB ~o qSf TF jce  ~o mAvr ~o qSf mf AS@U | AS: AcAvr sc@ AO rAr ~a @ cA^ SAnr gqcS j@BS ~ATS | jq T^U ~a @U@ cCAU aU SS s  ATAU @ c^L @f c i wgf ~SgkA F@r cr @a | AcAg^ r OAv B^ TSKAU ATUATr ccH @UB Pf @ jq SF | c ~crFq ASa@ cHT j j@Tn PcArF S | TSKAU cABfcS jce TSBwl ~S@AU j@@A^@ cp T mA a | cFAw @ jce ~SgkA ASA @ cp TBgcS jce qA AAo A@ A@ec AAo @ @^ A@ A AO^ ~AS:rK c | @ZS ~S gcS AAo aJ s Zc @wB  j@Av WvS - US rUf ca Anr BPS@ sc@ TpF ~ ~f  | sc@Av @ZS qgASe Arv AAv  AAaU | ASB cA  w @@BS @ vU bU A T | ecToFT @Ar AUr ccF, TSKAv "RB qS F e  ~Fv F e vqT"| jq T^cF ToF @R sS a j@ ha^ mAS | IH sTS SA  UR @ AW ~c OS @, TAS jq T^cFAv@ @^ @ ~cA  ~S gcS | "ASBS U@ ~S j@Av TSK@ ZT @ ,  U A^BS ~f A^Av TSK@ c j@B TSK ~ j@B TSK@ rK @ A c S @S ?" (p. 24)

~S jq r gcS S g @ b aJ R AwU-j T @ZS MJa s jwq vc ~TA@ B Mo oe WvS | ~c @ZS c Acer rNf AvU qf ASoS s, AArT-SwA@ ~TA@ cTcKH jTSA@ kcc TAv j@ F@, wv @FU@v A@AUe, rgw-cf  mpA g Ri  TS ~S | U c rA ~S fA, @ co @ rNf  rNf-cFf TSKFgF jq wb AS |

~S ASB@ jq @U^ ~er Ac S @  | @SS  cc AsAS B^kn cCAU, r  jce T AsAS B^kn AcAvr, r S - J ~U  AXf AcrsXo T gcK | BAw ~cmS Ag^ A@ec sXo, Q BS @ S @S AcW WvAS | J Accc^S ~cXo S | jTSA@ ~S T Av sZS rf SA@ Tq A sS, ~m AAT c @ Aw ASB B^gkAT TAvq rK AS:r US, R ~Lf ABS ~So o ~wF @ ~S cc cA@ BfcSv j@q @Av S | ~ ~S  Prrc @ sMcSc s^ c Ri @A@T ~dHUZ mha |

~S BfcS S@r A@\SAv jTSgc @aS UAZ@ s   ~^w AcATrH gTFAv AQ  | AcAvr-gf  s Ao@  sBF Q @  BfcS To @v @U@, cA@v qeUF | @U@ @UB m@ m s^ rS  ~S s  T r qeUF | ZS Tf ~FASv jce  AAT F ~^A@  Bq jq SS rAv@ ASB AXf B^gkAT Ac wH @  | jce ~SA@U ToFq  BfcS ~ BS | T  ~Lf ~S @ q ~r AAaU s cAw ASfS co @ @ZS fA @AS | ~ BS   SS BfcS f S | @Acc Tc jce Acc T ^SoH, ^SUS, @TBfcS AmA ZJB gpA Wv aJ aJ ~S jce BS g BfcSq ~B MJaa MbL r^ ~ccA@ | oH jq c MJa A m @ ~gFm R ASAEO^ co @ | A@ ~S   wgfT r  fWAS ASf SfAv @ j@ ~ASEOco ~n^ |  TS ~crF jq S s BS @  TS @S ~Agsw ~a c  ~ | ~S jq j@A@Lco, mf  TSA@ kL @H ASA ~a  ~Agcf  wgf | dH c @TcFm, j@v SS r j Ar@ w, e , AL US ~: s BS  @  cw T j@BS Tqwxv@ iU AS s ~S@k | A@ MbL MJa ~S nTr ~Sgc @ BS jce  ToF a ~SUA@ @@Av cp |  wgfT @ ASgpT ~SgkAAU@ BS sS @O @ T gJB @ U Za ASBm ~UTA | ~S e ~cw mf A@ jAw AwR wm cFm R eA@ ~U A aJ S BS@ | ~O ~BR ~S TS BU C ~J@ ~a  sMcS ASAU aAc | T AO A@aAS ToFq cAxv cS cA Z sR, Oq@gAm S U@ S S BS WAS A^oF T c I prF gw @,  Ac  FAUF-j  BS-j Af cA c sR - sZS ~qv-@v-AA wgcf BS@ Z ~S K@SF cU gT AaU | A@ec ~R A@aAS , T ^S ATAU B^ cf @@T sZS  ~A@gc ZAS haU S - @AiS ArT q ASAU @ZSq dg co AS mA@ ASg jce gUc | Mb ~S ~BR fA co @ sMcS q ASAU mpA | A@ BS sS ASB Or j@ ~prF Of A  A ~ | AHcm BS jq kQ AcSAU cI ~S@ A@av sF @ BSq c^cf T^ BfcS R TSA@ | mTf-AF T^ sZS cJO @ R ASsS AAv OFU j@ T@AcU @, AA  c^LkH sF R ZS ~S TS r Bw "qeB T cq TFSB @  ?" | (p. 153) jq ccOS j@v ~er ASEOq ~S ASB mf BS |

T^ BfcS pf A@ec O dK AgU | TSKAv  cFAL H ~S Ac @UR TS B @ S | A@ T^  AAO c^TU BAS  s  jce AgU A S jce  m BT @v c @ S | j AcK T^ ~AA OS R BAS An@U ~S OZ Acpr i@ | jTSA@ @U@ TAB@ BfcS ASAZ jAU s ~MBSF cU AccAO  j@R  TS A  | j @ cI s @U@ cCAU UUS cAS qeUF @vS ~S Mb TS R OAAU@ AS^H @ | jce  mf BS sZS A@av T^q oJO ASB Or j@v m Pf @ O ZS  ~ R FZF co @ | ~crF jq co  F@ @S SA A@ iU  S | BS @cFH jce ecSrfU@ s rXo @ ~S | U j BS sZS @ BS ~A@ jq-~n^ TSK sF ~AB j@ ~SS  sw A O ZS cFAw n aA Ri BS jq ~cw@ TkUF A @HF @ S ~S | ~S jce BS @ ToF A UAZ@  j@q cI OaS s j@BS TSK ~B  T^ w Ri |  TS AAv  cOq @a TSKAvR  aJ  S - j@ sTS F, TS jR F s BfcS c c, cJ@ cJ@ SAcy R SScf@H BSF m @  | cq @ AvJ@ @, cJO @ |

~S-BS ^S ATAU jce Aew@ @^ @ @@f dH B^ BfcS R TSBw j@Av S@r@ Av U O @S | @vAcrK Aew gU O@A @,  @c Z, AT@ @pA - U,  c^OnAv AcrU | A@  AcrK @S c^cf ~a jTS ~JO R s S | Aew knq ~  c^ AO @ | an Ac ~F^ BU R jq dHAv j@T w ArQ @ ~m A U | M v@ @ ASB@ A ASU j@A@ sTS T@ s  @A owA, TS a  s TST ASfUg cSR | @H hOArAQ T AO T @A ~U @S aU@  A AB S | cmQ, UAZ@ ZS, jq dH B^ f AScOS ~cw Oq Ac@q oSF A ~gFm  ia | sMcS ASAU T @ Oq @A TS:esw @q  ~Ao@ ~wf | Aew jce AO BfcS jq sA^@ ~ j@WAT @ TA q sS aAv ~c@r Uc Uc Jv  | Zf Z, J dAv ZR, AvU O | jq xvS ~AgsSAU  ~cw sS ZJB  j@ ASwTS TZ | SwA@ Ok^ s jq @pA @a A sR A@ Q j@ cp kH  Ri ~g  ?

SF Aew AA ATAU ~cmS @U@ | @ASf ~g @ TS  w rS rK @ ASBm j@Av @TBwl ZJB Sc R  mA s a  | ATAU cF @TQn sq @ S @S, ~^BA@ BSfA, SfA jce TB AS  wgfm gcSAO^ R rS @ | cTS gcK TB AcAg^ m TF F  ew @ jce AcrKH @ | Bv  @ ~^r AU T ~cm, R-wUf c^ @ZS rAT@-cok g BSF  Acn - jcq  gcS jce ~oFS AAo ~^w | Av r, Av Ag^ TB TSKAU BfcSOH j@Av USTkU@ S@rR v Ri  AcrKH ToF A | sTS, ATAU Z okU, kKH, oH mmFAcAo @ ~ @UR jr ArAQ ToFAc cFA qha jce m^F@ TkUF A BS | ~c  jR Z s j@U TSK sZS ceU gK OAU cFcAcAo @ AScAr@@ c W Ta U l , @FU@v cU @U@ Q RU @, ZS  OR Z S v cB @fgc oAK, ~n^ ha ceU gK |

~oAS@ T j@BS dHf R ATAU j@OQ AH T @A UQF ~^ T av S | ce   Ar@ Z,  BS aS A @ |  ATr Ao@ AS  wAc, j ToF  sS ASB@ ~Acy @ | "S AS c w\ S j gU Uw ~T | w\U ToF ~T ASB  A@a v@ v@ sS JA@ T |  ZJB c O @A | ~T ~ATL @S @S ger A@  @ASfAU ~SO @SO UA@ Sq ?" (p. 108) ~crF oq Ar@ ZJB l S ATAU,  cTS@R TkUF  | jq @U@q  BfcS ja j@Av SS TSK - @cf A@r-j T  STR SS | sAR SS-j BfcS SR A@a ~a |  AccAcAha^ sc@ | q kcAcc mpA - s  j@q  :Z jce AS - @  kH @Av i AS | ATAU ToF  j@ oH ~r ZJB, ~r ZJB | SS A@a A@a T^cF jce ~OH @ TS   ToF j@ oS @T ~a | c j @H TxvU vcF@R   | A@ jAvq SS j@Tn AO S | @S @S TSK ~a,  iU s TZ OAnvq cU s | SS QnR jTSAv Wva SF rKer ATAU   kgAK@ ~U | cI s TSKAv ecSrfU, @M@A jce @S @S Qn Ar T B jce haU  i  | SS@ Z jq @Hq  AST Z AcAU jAUv OAnAv @ TS  ATAU | ha^ j@ B, Uq jce j@q  m@ o ~@CQ j@ AUS Z  ToF | ATAU @MkUf r  SS PcGccUf cFZF mgcq  mA@ ~@KH A@av fc R WSL  |

jq SF @^f AOn@\Av cFZF S UAZ@ ~S TZ -"T Ur sTS BU J ~S c, gF SfOR TAS J J cA  cc Ug |  gF BU,  SfOq ~-gF wAU  AS:H | ....." (p. 260) cr @@ca ~w Pf ~H S aAc sw^ @^f gcSAv  j prF TU | ~crF AST AOU@ wf sXo- OS@ cFc @AaUS, AZAaUS T gTS PUm ~S Uw sR | ~ jq SF ~S OS@ fA @ @TxvA aAc Z j@Av prF, ~UA^@ wgf ASTAB j@ ~AwA @ , wAU Ug AS:H | gQnq BU jce ~S j@ Uq ZS a | BU A U  ASc@ gkAT@, gk  ~S @a, sTS cc @a gk  gF |

gF g @ cc lH jq aAc @@f jJ@aS Tw SF B j@@ TSK BfcS jce Tw TScgF ASAZ, AS @, AS Acr, AS TSc T@Ai | c ~S OZ  ST ~ T SF WSfgk vSrSR j@T @T ~ | ~S BS gUc ~m  S, BS ~S BSF O Pf @ AS ~ - @ ArA  @A@T  S UB c @ c @ ~c  c, Aew m  @ j@Av TTkK NF@c-j BSF @ co @, ATAU SS@ BS  @ZS @ ~a gC OT @ c S @H  Acr @ Av TSK @ "j@@T pA wAAcF" | (p 190)

jqc Q Q ~OH, TSK POSF op jq Acr R ~rq cc ^@ Ug@ A @ c cU UAZ@ Acr @S |

@@f J SF w\ Pf @S, OAn @\S @S, A@  ASa@q @\@ASf S | J ASB BfcS R ~Ag Bwl JO w Ri AAv OS | J ASB c  p OAnR c ca | q cU@ n@ AS AaU SvS e ~ BU J ~S-j n@SF  sMcS MJaa | ~crF @cU OAn c c S, Ac @ CR oa SF rf | @@f @SASq ASa@ w\ cU ~wf SS, nTr J @ASf ~R BAvU R AcrKHTZf  ia | qeBf AF AS rS @, qeB mf , AcvS e @R sZS AAS ceU UZS ZS J ToF q empA ~^w  A ~F^ fcgc AnrfU @ | OS sA oS@ AaU T vSvS S @ c BfcS@ jTS jJ RJ @ ZS s S | J qeBf @cFw^ -'In That Sense You Touched It'-j gkAT@ @@f UZS, "In my poems I am trying to understand the contexts of happenings and the connections between apparently discrete events which are hidden from view. What does it mean to say that 'I was there' or 'I lived then' ? What are the links between myself as I am now and events which happened in the past, but of which I was either unaware or only dimly aware ? How is the past 'included' in me ? What are the obscure ways in which it has shaped me, both through my knowledge of various details and equally through my ignorance of other details?"

~T Acr jq ~LAB @cU @Ac S, J SF QnR AnrfU, BfcS s AvUAU J@ w Ua cU AAS TS @S, J SFR AAS w US q AvU sF | ^c^, ZFgF @ WBS A@ec cwS @, oH cFcAcAo @ BAw OAn - jcq AAS Av US kQAkQ AvU @B | @@f jq TSf AvU TS ~S cXoc c SF @ | c @@f SF jAU ~SF j@ gkAT@ S | j sF cCAU i@ ~S Ag^ r, Ag^ empA TSK BfcS  @ ~^ cr @  | AF BSU A Wv j@ AcrrS |

(c-38, Ac, 2006)

jq UZ ~S @TS UwU ?