An Essay in Bengali, by Manabendra Mukhopadhyay

c c@mv (kH)

@Ac

w\/TFOS/Sv@

SF

c^/BfcSf/mpA/AF gK/~AgoS/qA..

Arr/A@r

Books_in_English

Parabaas Moviestore

Parabaas Moviestore

AScr @ S R qeAB cf^BfcS

TSc^ TZoF

BfcSf @@ cU ? BfcSf ST@ eAv A@ @S ASAc@\ OS-LL w Ri c ? j @ Ai@q s, w VATe (1)-j T @ @  TS j@v q @ s OS | ATS Uf- (2) T AEOT @S @S ~UO@  BfcSf- j S^S kn ^S cFp @cS jR Zc mgAc@ |  OR BdA @ co jq s ~oAS@ qA AcFOO j@Av Qn Ac BfcSf jce BfcSf-OS An R @H AcrK dL  A@ @U AccAO  @c | U. q. ~FTcA `Writing Biography' cq j@Ao@ qA-ALL@ qA ~ BfcSf- @ Tf@H ~oAS@ qA-AcFOO (Historiography) ~oSS pAgA w-cS AS Acm gcS-AO^ @aS | AScr@ ~ AScAr BA BfcSf OS @ R @H A@  s S qA lscf wkb @S Tn^ ? qeAB UZ @@Av cf^-BfcSf kn jq rAv@q ~T S @ Oq jq eAQ ^g | ceU cf^BfcSf ~T ~UOS cU cAgk, s cCAU BSF ceU UZ BfcSf- cf^-~^KH ~ sq @ S @S, OF-EOF @ ~^: R  ASgp vSS SvF-S ZS TkU ~SAm | qeAB-ceU cFf OF c EOF ~SF gKAU ~T ~f S-U jq @\ s b Ug   cI A TAvS @rS BTAS cf^-cfQ- (3) T cq  | ~ o jv@ cU SR gU, qeAB @Ar scf cf^-BfcSf AS ~T jZS @ cUAa S ; jce qc BfcSf FgA^, ~kH, ~oF AcSF qFAR ~T TZF AccOSmU S |(4) 'Writing Biography'- gK 'How do biographical studies relate to other forms of history' - q j@v ZTn r @ OqAa qeAB-cf^BfcSf AScAO \UZ | 1913 U cf^S ScU-mp R U AEOT wUo ~w @^Ac^ US jR sTS ~S@er Ai@, TAS T AcrsXo@UfS T J@ @^ @q OF-EOF @ cI j@v SS Tn U j @R ~Smf@s | AScr qAR ZS AS^ wAB S !

qeAB UZ AcAr BfcSf@ ToF Tq \UZ @  ~S fB (Ernest Rhys) ST | 1915 U ASq@ F TF@ATUS @AS @ @Ar J cf^BfcSf w^Av ST 'Rabindranath Tagore : A Biographical Study' | 12Av ~oF AcSFm fB cqAv ~U swl cf^-BfcS R AF ~UOS | cf^-BfcS ~UOS AF ~UOS ~cArF@ jce c cf^-BfcSfq jq r ewgcq dL a | TS Z c, qeAB wfAUq o S, qeAB BfcSf-OS T BfcSmpA, B, oS, 'The Gradener' qFA AS qeAB-BS TSK  MJa wa ; sAR TT s^ @Ar cf^S ceU US  AS^q TSF | OS AgSAr jce AgSgKf TUO@ jq cmc Ac^@v@ ~T TS ASq c | F Qn fB AcrKgc ASg @aS BfcSmpA-  ; ~ F BSF BfcSmpA s cer ASgswF S, @ fB T cI  Zc B AaU S | ~S@Qnq T-~SnT fB Acgv WAvaS | A@ fB cq PcArF ~SFn | j@BS EOF TSK A@gc gf empA@ cI OqaS jce qkn cf^S@ AwH @ OqaS q A@Avq AcrKgc SB @ ! OF j@ ^AT @Ac@ A@gc fOF wH @AaU ~ cFm fOF-Sw @q c @S oH AS @Ac mr A jAaUS - fB @a q AB AcrK dL  | OF R EOF ATUS-gcSR fB gcS Bw ~S@v Bw B @ |

fB J cq AAv ~oF d @S POSFOATp, ASK A@ec AB T OF @S ZF @cF c rm @ XopA AS | ~ J OS PcGc cAUq s cO BU  'Some Indian Poets' ~oF Zc m  s | fSrO^ S \UZ AAS ccq @aS J cq ; j q gc A@S cU TrA@U | c ~gF^fH QF @ j @ ~crF cUq s, fB J cq wfAU The Gardener qFA @cF ~UOSkn ~U OF ~ EOF S^S j@v US-mc r @ OaS | J TS , j@BS OF @Ac J ATA@ OS sgc @pA ~ ~A@pA fTS AcU @ A S EOF STw  A@aq R S | @pA  j@BS gf sw ~B^ ; jce BfcS ~A^T Tk s^  sw @ ~vv | j@v p^ A cFZF @aS @v jqgc fB, 'Water means so much in India ; ' - TpF ~w j@ Jv wBU Fr @ j@BS A^ gcf | 'Fancy an Englishman languishing for a drop of Thames water on his death bed !' (p p. 26-27)

j@qgc fB cI OS cf^S T @Ac sZS ~@r SfAUT M^s aAc ~J@S @Ac ZS J  OS TkU @ PcGc cAU @  ~B^ j@ empA@ em Ao@ | 'It is with a sky like that whose blue radiance filled Radha with ecstasy stretched over its trees and pools and cows' pastures' (p.27) ~oAS@ AgK ~Sc @ ASU fB s cU OqaS  cfBwg c@FAv   cf^S @pA OS ToFR  wa PcGc cAU R S^S sM TPOSF (collective unconscious) Ag | cUq cUF, fB  @ ~S@ Ag^ T KH @q S ; A@ OF ~S^S A@gc AAS cf^S@ ~cUcS @aS q A@Avq  @r  | cf^S, w^f, Acc@S^ A snAT@ jKH sTS TFJ UJ ~U ASTH @ cUS @\S ~rA gcK@;(5) jce T@UfS Acr AAmA BSF  sTS AaU f BSfA AcS - TSgcq, AUZS-BSfA pA@H @ fB c jR TS cf^-BfcSf OS j@v i w U c cU TS  |

A@v, cASe TZ @ @S @S Qn cf^S ~oTH j@ cUR TS 1921 Uq mf@ @ AShaS Tv  EOF @S UZ@q cf^S  USf SS | 'Author's Preface'-j j@ cUq TS ~Q 'the poet is misunderstood in the West - is underpraised, by some over praised.'  , ceU r BU-R  J FQ AO AaU cUq TS AEOT cf^ TkUFS J@-@ U ZAS@v ~SocS @ AaUS | ST TS cqAv 'Rabindranath Tagore : His life and work' (YMCA Publishing House, 1921) UR BfcSf-@ j QnR slA@Al jce R ~c T ~@fH ! F A@ J jvq ~TSsw s STH T 'Author's Preface' - j cS SS  sw a A@ AZ  wa S | 1921 U s 1931 U @ cU @v ~ew R ZU @SAS TS ! A@ TS TA^S U cf^-AF TkUFS | j cF J oS ~cUcS aS ~AB@T Oncf | fB JOB ca j@v Acv Qv AB @AaUS A@ TS ~Ugc cf^S AcAg^ (??)j ls R AcrKL cIc O @aS | QAH@ s UW@ T@ wS YcS @cF jce j @cF ~SocS mgA AcrKLAv UQF Z , j @ 1921 U @BS cf^g cI AaUS ? A@ec ASr Acr r@ A^@U cf^S A^L-wcf, OfS g-oSF TSA@@ J kccf ArUq c 'real' Bwl @ 'temporary eclipse' cU sZS \UZ @S AAS, ZS cI s TS fB T ~cw-cF@U SS; US TS ~S@ cAr AnAv@U | 1897 @ 1908 s^ cf^-BfcS jq wm c @ TS cFZF U : cf^S BfcS jq TA@ AAS@ oTco ~ArA AO BA  UF | BA 'story of my heart'- j Tq jR AS^ @AcBSAO ! Ar\ @ZS oT Bw AS S jce jq q ~cmS Ag^@Av j @v TS mf@ @ AShaS jce q ASAZq cf^S@ c O @aS AAS | 'Art can never take the place of spiritual life' (p. 24) - jq @v j@v ~SF AA@ ls ~a AScAr@ c gf Ar\-qA ASAZ | ASr r@ rK Av r@ jce Acr r@ w Av r@ B gf Ar\ TS ~oFAL@ - jTS j@v gcS OA R O OUAaU | @TmTf, R@@, AScA, rf~Ac^ TZ ~S@q @S S @S A@ @ jq gcS rA@ AaUS | cf^S jce cwrf c ~cSf^S Ar\  ~oFAL@ ~gL ~crF TS AS SAS ; A@ cf^-@cF, AF jq ~oFAL@ ~SAmA Acr r@ T  s^ SS TU AcrK ASA^  | TS A@ Ar\ ~ ~oFAL@  Uc T jq wv QvAv@ mH ZAaUS ? -q sA Zq @S U cUq  cq ~A^T s MJa AASR j@q @T AcO Acgv WAvaS ! cf^S sc w AS sc wSAv@ T 'The day will surely pass, mother..' (TS-@p ~Sc) @ OA ('The super theft of Rabindranath') cU  SqU @Sq c TS c J | T ~ cf^S Dr ~SA s j@ B S   TS S BS @ S |(6) cf^S BfcS c s 'not god, but simply as the revelation of god' jce   nAv 'daemon', v 'idea', @@ 'Inner Light'-j US OU   ~wq cU jaS TS ! ~T TS , ScU- c mr jce Acr cf^S s ATkA w iAaU TS q Bwv j@v ~W @ BS ~Sgc @AaUS @Ac cf^S@ cmcAO gc ^OS @ BSF | TS BS AaU ~oAS@ T cHfAcS(7) j@ @Ac cf^S ; ^ cf^S S | TS UZ BfcSf w^Av @ ~crF ASAEOgc j @ cUc s S R s S ; jce AScr BSfA @S m qAR ZJB R s S | A@ J A^oF-oSF jce jq cq AXf emH (SA@ STH ?)-j w^A@ @AU Sw j@Av vf@ T^cF @ cI s (p. 90) ~SF AcAvr cf^-~Swf ~AA T TS cR cf^S@ UQ @ ~ 'helped the cause of Indo - British understanding in the most critical period of Indian History.' @AU Sw j @ AUZaS 1931 U | cf^-TS @ hOcO ~S@ @ j ToF BT a,(8)  ~UOS Ag^ | ~U cf^-TS @ j@Av ~oF Tn ~T ~UOF BfcSf w^Av,  cAr Fr j @ @R OU S |

jq q AcAr r  T@U (1915) @Ar j@BS cf cCAU UZ cf^-BfcSf Z Z s  BfcSf OS QnR AScAr@ OS AScAr TS A@gc AnrfU @ | c^@T  'Rabindranath Tagore : The Man and his Poetry' cqAv FATUvS N. TFcU-j gkAT@ ASq@ @ (Dodd, Mead & Co.) @Ar  | c^@T cqAv j@@ fOF @a cf^S@ OF Agk Ac mS, s mS ATr @ ~S@ZAS wMc jce ~LrW | ScU m-Bf cf^S BSF c^@T UA@ fS wv cq aA ~a | q T AEOT @cFBw s ~cQ U d a  @R 'Prefatory Note'-j \UZ @  jBSFq l co @aS c^@T | cf^S cFAL  BUq 1913- AASq T qeAB gK ASc^ AUZ EOF AS J AOS c d @AaUS jTS AcR BAS ZS AAS | cf^S qeAB gK J UZ cAr cAr ~Sc @dS jq ~ABR AAS SA@ r @AaUS cf^S @a ; jTSA@ jR AAS cU ZAaUS, 'I feel absolutely certain that you will sooner or later win the Nobel Prize for poetry. ... will be a step forward for international brotherhood and world peace.' (p. 191) c^@T cS cf^S BSF wcco sTS ~a TAS q AScAr@ AAmA AcrgpL R AcrrA^ BSF AhaR a | sS cf^S AcrB ToFT  i  DA @S c^S ! c^@T TS @S, 'When the West discovers the East, and the East discovers the West humanity will discover itself automatically.' (p.194) jq T^ gcS Qn  q AEOAT cf^ ~Swf, jTSA@ TFJ UJ T ~ @S @S TSc-APKf  c^@T gcS j@v @S UANo @ s | sA c^@T cS s  U c^@T mc  cf^S s cUAaUS R AcrKgc \UZF | A@AUC m-A ~ BwfrO^ c ~A  SA@ cf^S F S @AaUS | c^@T A-F AaU 'The continantal Europeans have no prejudice.' (p.192) cA@ q pAgA ~ AcvS pAgA ToF  ~a | c^@T  \UZ @ @pG @pUAS cf^S er-j cmc AgA AcO @aS J 'Rabindranath Tagore : A Biography' (Visva-Bharati) cq AXf ATAB emH-j (1980) | @pUAS AUZaS, 'perhaps the doubt was not so naire after all, for when the prize did come, there were rumblings of protest in many quarters of the West that an Asian had received it.' (p.235) TAvS @rS kcA\UAZ cqR j AcK BTAS ATr AAn AO R s |  sq@, cf^S c^@T ASgp AXU FTkUF sA SR @ c AScAr BA ~^cS FTkUF  ~SAgcF @ S | c^@T cq gkAT@ UZ@ FATUvS c @ ToF AScAr@ c m-BSfA TUOS ~a Q | OFSwf FATUvS AUZaS, 'The West has exploited the East too long...' (p.18) gkAT@ cF FATUvS jq OF-gcS w^@ c^@Tq Ak@ ccF cU TS  | AAS AUZaS, 'Tagore's work is deeply rooted in the soil of oriental religion and civilisation ... therefore uncompromisingly oriental.' (p.19) co@A, jR j@T 'orientalism' -  jR q 'orientalism' ST@ A@ T^U j@ OF cS !

c^@T cf^ @\ cIc BSF J cqAv ~oF AcSF A@R p@ ~crF@ | jTAS J cq mAc 9Av ~oF ToF Zc m @UnT AQ AS | AXf ~oF sA  'Romantic Youth - Realistic poems ; ' c T ~oF ST  - ZAS@v ~FArgcq 'Tagore the Feminist.' ~T AccOS ~oF jq Bf ST@H AcrK lscf | ~U, cf^S s j@BS 'Realistic Poet'R - jce J 'Feminism' s q T EOF WAS Ri ABv ~^US b ~w OF TkUFco ~o w ia, jq cUq AEOT @a wc U o OS c^@T | Sfcf ~^US TAB@ AB j@ TFkH ToS Sf   cf^S T pAgA ~SH, c^@T ii j@vq sS cI OS | SqU F BSF @q c  scS c^@T ? J FgA^ ~USf | sJq AZ cf^S@ @S S @S ~qA A@ @ ASTH @ AS OS, Jq FgA^ Acm |(9) j @ Ai@q  T s F TS knq c @ ?  @ S, ~U F s TS ~wAo@q ha S jq c BfcSf,   @T j@v UANo  | ~ jQn AFq kc-AEOT @S  Sq ! okBAv TZoF 'Tagore - A Study' (Padma Publication Ltd., Bombay, 2nd ed. 1944) cqAvR  cFAnT S | okBAv cqAv ~UOS dL ~crF ~SF A@ @ |

ScU-c sTS qeAB cf^-BfcSf OS j@v  jAaU TAS Zc ew @Hq @Ac H cR TS j@v ~w  AaU | A@ 1913-15 ~ 1941-44 j AA@ cmc g  wv Acrq cU Awa ~S@ZAS | cf^S @ AS oHF j@v AAOA w ia | mrcf TS ScU-ha ZS ~S@vq AmAT | ceU r Ar\ AF Qn wA-~^US kn j@@T cAXocf OO A AS w ia | ~oAS@ rR cf^S@ SAcO @ j@v An OUa ZS | Ai@ q AQ j@BS cCAU cAXoBfcf ArTAH A@gc H- cf^S TkUFS @aS q A@Avq ~T ~AgAScr Ac @ | o SR s  j cq target reader TkU ~cCAU gf | J TS okBAv cf^S j@v 'synoptic view' U o OS | 161 p nS qB jq cqAv BfcSf BSF c a Tnq 13-66 p | e BfcSf Ac cqAv ~A@Al@ A@ AcrKH jTS @@AU A@ UZ@ ~AU-e@ @aS s ~T AF AS@vcf |

T@-ALL@ okBAv Tq cFm @ SS cf^S J T jce Acr pA | m@f  ~U@ jce ~^BfcS AcAr co AAS ~oAS@ g empA@ qA mg cFAL  iaS | ASK ASEOq J BfcS AgAgkAT ; ~  BSFq J BfcS @S Sv@f Sq | ASK sJ TT AAS  i S S - s@ cU OAn ;  S S OAU ~ s@ cU rAT@ | @SS, ASK AO^-OS B AcB @ j@@T PcAr@ ewA-co | okBAv ASK ^S jq cf^S@ ZJB OS J BfcS-gKF | AAS jR Acr @S s, 'Tagore's life-history is mainly the biography of ideas and artistic creations...' (p. 15) EOF BfcSf OS ~r s cf^S ~LT (Subjectivity)- m cI s S jce jBSF BS Ag^ j@ BfcSf OS 'model'- j @R cU gUS S okBAv | o SR s, okBAv jq cq BfcSf OS AEOTf ~U j@Av Ac@\ ATSq AB @aS | @TS q ATS ? ewf-ALL@ okBAv ewf TS AS cUaS, 'Tagore's life-pattern is essentially melodic, with numerous improvisations indeed, but it was built round the regiant notes.' (p. 15) AUS ~SaS BTAS c@T cFAL wFv BfcS@ | wFv BfcS U 'symphonic pattern'- j | @M@ UQF @A, OF-EOF BfcSo TkU @iT ASq jZS @^ r UaS okBAv ~  ~T R J- j@@T Td@H Wv sha | j  wU ~A@-@H A@ @ okBAv cFZFS, ~SF ~ j@ A@ @R ~rmf jq A-UZ@ OF-EOF US jSaS J cq |

cq BSS AScAr@ rKH Ao j@@T Ac@\ ~SfA gcS AaU cf^S | mrf TB q gcSq U | jq AcK okBAv ccF U, 'Tagore's economics were mainly confined to consumption ; they did not, could not, extend to production and its relation ; therefore, they excluded the history of production and distribution. And here again was his Indianness. But the Indians wanted him to be an Indian in another way, and so did the West ; only the two ways did not meet. How could they? (p. 45-46) okBAv jq cFZF @k wHswF  AS @ OU , A@ OF-EOF cf^-ASTH R cf^-AwH r ~SfAR s j@v cF kn  i  @ c J ~w ~ @ cUSAS | mS-@U OS cf^f fA R j@qgc okBAv OF-EOF AO^S-@iT j@@T UF AcO @S | AAS TS @S, 'Tagore's notion of space was not exactly romantic in the European sense; but it was rather classical in its correspondence with the ultimate peace, Shanti. Space was built into the structure of his soul; his soul's urge was for spaciousness - bhuma. In fact, space pushes back time in Tagore.' (p. 24) okBAv cf^-cFZFS j@T mS mS @-c A aaA ; s j@q  AO^-f@R cv |

 ~UOS ~SFn   | ~T ~UOS rK @c w r@ SNcq r@ j@Av c OAO, c Ai cf^-BfcSf  -O @ cU | T j c \US @S -  r U sq  | ~U ~T cIc O @AaUT cf^S TpF r ca c qeAB cf^-BfcSf STS Ai@ @f @T   ? ~c, cU gU, -AScAr@ Qv ~T AO^kn AU ~ j@c TU oU @TS Z ? cqAv U @pG  R ~F AcSS @p 'Rabindranath Tagore - The Myriad-minded man.' | UZ@ j@BS cf cCAUSf ~oF@ ~ j@BS AEOT vAUAgrS BSAUmv R c w^ H | rK BS ~ j@Av AcrK cU - AAS cCAU AOU@ FABl  cU ~Swf |  sq@, jq cqAv ~Acgc Tn ~T jq Fr PA AaU s EOF SAZS AQ jZS s^ ~SWAv F ~T cf^-OO ~UA@  ic  |  Fr j@cq kH AS j@ cUR Zc ew c S | Rupa & Co. @ @Ar cF@ emH s cqAv (Fifth Impression 2006) jq Tk ~AT cFc @Aa, cA  s gT Bw | AcrK, Research methodology- ~oAS@ c fA-@SS ~gc jZS TS OU ~f@q UANo @ s | ~ Ai@ q wg A@gc r   w\wa (fiction) R OTl@ p^  Ri jq cqAvq |  @ ~ ~w Z s@, jq q UZ@ @SA@ @ cf^-BfcS ~U U OqaS ?

gkAT@q UZ@-X m @ AhaS, 'Our primary focus in the man, not the oeuvre.' | @SS, cf^S BfcS s 'reputation' jce 'ramification' ~a  j@v A^ ~UOS BdA | J ~Agsw @pG @pUAS T cf^S ~Lf jce ~Sw ('too loyal') BfcSf@ @Ac BfcS@ J @cF T Tl R a^T cU Uf@p @aS |  j@q 'misleading and grotesque.' (p. 15) | U ~T Fr @q A, -AcSS ~T TS U ocS j@ eWT, eQNo cf^-BfcS@ |  O ~crF @ @SAS J, A@ s-gc J MJaaS J DA AXo^ r q AS | -j@Av STS r @ s@ | cq BSS w OAn A@\S Amv AScA a  @R  | jR cq BSS w- vAB@ ATAq WAvAaUS T cf^S ; AScA ~So-o rK s^  ATUS^@  | cSU cf^mpA U wv cFv@ Tvq  serious TS  S | A@ -AcSS AcKAv@ mS @aS jqgc : 'Tagore admired Sister Nivedita's devotion to India and her love for Indians, but found her narrow-minded. She, for her part, was angry with his story, telling him that he did wrong to Hindu women.' (p. 154) | cSU mpA@ S- cq AUT, AS@ UZ 1922 U j@ AOAi cf^S @f AUZUS   j@c Z s jq kn ! UZ@X 'angry' rNAv @a@Aa 'request' rNvR ZS Z S | (S A@ ZR ZSAS !)| j   wU  'narrow-minded' rNv | jR TS AcA@ A jce qkn cf^-AScA @ OO qA sJ BS ~a, Jq cI cS @ @  rNc^Av SR a | ~O jTS j@v 'methodical' cq jc  @S Fkn Sq ! jgcq F@ AcoT cJA@-OA w\ cSS ZU c S ; A@ jQn wv cFvq BS a wcKH prF T@ | j@T U@UgS T^cF ~eZF aA ~a wv cq B ! sTS, 'Rabindranath did not nurse Mrinalini for two months day and night, as loyally claimed by his biographer Kripalani, he remained absorbed in the running of school.'... (p. 137) j @ @f   ? SAe cU Ai@ @f cI OS J BASS c Lf ASdH ~m ToF 27 @A@, 1309 (TpHAUSf TpF - ~w) AZ @UU WK@ UZ AOAiAv R sA @ jq AXo^q MJaS U cU A@a @ S | o q S, UZ@X AcAm aS jq ZR s 'After she [Mrinalini] died on 23 November, he [Rabindranath] showed no visible emotion and soon returned to Shantiniketan.' (p. 137) cf^-rS ASdH ~ BSFq A@ jq U T^cF ? S, ~v Ar gc @H Sq J | J ~U BfcSf U U j@v w\ v cS OUaS, j U q @s-@H knA^ | @SS J F s 'miss-matched' j @q s c @ Z c ! @S Z c ? @H, j cq rFq s r ca wcKH cf^-OAn 'contradictions' ZS jce qkn cf^S Ag j@ ~sTS (myriad-minded) cf^S@ ^OS @ | A@ TS Ag TS ZJB J SAS, A@ec  OSRAS | cf^S 36 U ; - o Acrgf TZ O Sv@ U AS W chaS SA@ -  Ag J Ar\fTS j@v HSR @B @a, -AcSS  A@v ZJB Sc BSR co @SAS | Ac AcU @Ac@ KvB v@ sF  A@ @ cUaS, "This was roughly the same amount Tagore had raised in just one meeting in 1905 for the National Fund, much less than that in real terms. If only Tagore had permitted himself to become a 'patriot' !" (p. 320). aUTSAK Ok^ fT aA s sZS cU , 'Tagore is reminiscent of the big-hearted Apu Trilogy (1955-59) ; the older Tagore of Ray's last film, Agantuk (The Stranger, 1991), with its sublime synthesis of wit and profundity.' (p. 354) | :oF wcKH co j@q cU ? rXo FABl  A@ec Sf A. OMof j@@T cf^-i @  A@ J OrT ZUq s  Zv Ok^ Z - qc TS c @S ? Ai@ jq Bwq Acr r@ w AS r@ EOF g @\S  jq T ~EOs j@v ATU Z q | ~BR gcK@ AOS OR c FABl-SfO^ T -j@BS qeAB-SAcr cCAU MF ? cf^S TA\US @cUq jJ - @A @m cf^-wcK@ AccOS ? AScr gk A@ j@cq STc S ? BfcSf qA r @AAS cmS rq @ @ , A@ cA@a Xo sS @r  A cFA cFAL | ATS Uf-R cUaS 'Whether we think of biography as more like history or more like fiction, what we want from it is a vivid sense of person.' ~Q jq, 'myriad-minded' cf^S j cq ~oq @ wUS | UZ@X wc ~BS  iU AS^q j@v FrS ; gwFnT  i U S - s@ cU mvqU |

j TkU s o AEOT TAvq A j @ TS @U gU c | fSrO^ S T cFA sZS 1922 U W @ R swAF ST ~LBfcSf UZS ZS cCAU i@ c J cf^gA Ok^ @ rS @S ~O qASq 1921 U jR TS@ OA OA cU ~S ASK gcov@ a cf^S  ~U qAq ! a j@ cf^S @S s BSFR @ ~cUcS @ gUS S fSrO^ | A@ TS  wS ZSAS | jR co j@@T AScr S | cf^S 1921 U ~vc r^O^ TUSAcr@ UZ j@v AOAi W cq eWAv ~cTkUFS BSF wgf cS cF @AaUS | r^O^ c Ac @ OAaUS TS | A@ 27 ~vc 1921 (10 @A@ 1328)- j j@Av AOAi ce cf^S UZS, S, AT Thomson-j T @SR Ac @ S |   ASB cAXo ~S s cUO   ASBq ABAS -  @B ha SS Source @ F R TT ew @ U@  ~STS aJO bUq @ j@v TkA Z @ U | ... vTS ~T A ~rXo gc @ A@a UZAS - ... ~T  ~T OAA@ s c^,  c^ w, cFAw c BAw @H R sA gU cI @  gU BSF avv @c @ Sq | (10)

~T cf^S cFAL Acg UQ @A ce jqZS | History ~ Fiction-j o @c ~T c j@ZAS swl F R FTkU@ kH qeAB cf^-BfcSf ?

kn ASr R vf@ :

1) jq BABS TAU wH-S @B  s | j@Ao@ AcK AAS OS AcAo Bf cq OAnf |

2) Hermione Lee, Biography A very short Introduction, Oxford, 2009

3) BTAS cf^-cfQ (B@pG @U A), ATn R WK, 1405 | cf^S ScU U jc j@BS jAmT    jTS fc BFAgTSf R @dAO@ @vS BTS TA@ n @ @rS jZS Xo @aS | cf^-g eZFR ~crF @T AaU S  r |

4) @MkUf i@ j BSF Z S qeAB gK cf^BfcS rfK@ AT Oncf ~S ~UOS | ~T cf^S : wH-cBS, LcUf, 2010 . |

5) Acmp ~UOS BSF Z s  @@, r 1415 eZF @Ar cTS UZ@ TF UJ R cf^S : -~^-~^ c^Av |

6) TS jq T T AS OO @AaUS | 1923 U @Ar  J cq 'Bengali Religious Lyrics, Sakta.' |

7) @v jZS rK cFcY U | TS cq TUOS me cf^Sq @AaUS cf An@ jq cHfAcS c^FoF ST ~U | TS^ OoF  ~S@ cCAU cf^Swf TS cf^-BfcSf  QNo S |

8) 1926- j TS 'Rabindranath Tagore : Poet and Dramatist' cS  @ ~ A  g Q | cf^S A TS TSgc AaU ATr @T | TS-n q. Av. TS 'Alien Homage' (1993) cq  mf@ @ a | cf^S jce cf cf^Swf J A Qg @H J TS @AaUS EOF AScAr@ ~AoTSF AAS OF @Ac@ F Ts @ cA @aS | cf^SR TS AaU ~T s Subject-people, British subjects ! WpH R ~c TkU ZS | - cf, g 1334, p. 659 | ~T ~crF j Qg rgSf R ew TS AS | A@ec A@ BAS, AScAr cS ~B ~T cI Aa S |

9) qeAB cf^-BfcSf FgA^ TSF STS SR s@ | T fB : "TpHAUSf cf TpF@U 'mid-summer'-j !" TS AUZaS cf^S w qeB-A ^S ! cO TL@ @ qeAB wfAU SA@ cf^S jce jB sM OS (both authors !) ! c^@T rA^AS@S cQ|AcFU A U AUZaS 1902 (c 1901)! cf^S B^AZ gU @ 6T UZ a ~Ao@er qeAB cf^-BfcSf ! c 7T |

10) r, 9 PBF, 1382, p. 255

(c-46, vc, 2010)

jq UZ ~S @TS UwU ?